Effects of triclabendazole: A Synthesis of Findings from 26 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Triclabendazole is an effective treatment for liver flukes, particularly Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica. However, resistance to triclabendazole is emerging, posing a significant challenge to its effectiveness. 18 , 17 , 24

Studies have shown that thymoquinone (from Nigella sativa) and curcumin (from Curcuma longa) may have potential anthelmintic activity against F. gigantica. 18

Triclabendazole residues have been found to migrate from milk into dairy products such as cheese, butter, and skim milk powder. 17

The egg hatch assay (EHA) and fecal egg count reduction test (FERT) have been used to evaluate triclabendazole resistance in Fasciola spp. 8 , 19

Triclabendazole has been shown to disrupt the tegument of F. hepatica, inhibit antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and induce apoptosis and pyroptosis in the parasites. 18 , 6 , 24

Benefits and Risks

Benefits Summary

Triclabendazole is an effective treatment for Fasciola gigantica and Fasciola hepatica infections. 18 , 17 , 24

Thymoquinone and curcumin have shown potential as anthelmintics against F. gigantica. 18

Ethanol extract of Terminalia catappa leaves has shown potent fasciolicidal activity against F. gigantica in vitro. 26

Risks Summary

Triclabendazole residues have been detected in dairy products, indicating a potential risk to consumers. 17

Widespread resistance to triclabendazole is a concern, potentially leading to ineffective treatment. 8 , 19

Triclabendazole can induce apoptosis and pyroptosis in F. hepatica, potentially leading to adverse effects. 24

Comparison Across Studies

Commonalities

Multiple studies have demonstrated the efficacy of triclabendazole against Fasciola species. 18 , 17 , 24 , 8 , 19 , 16 , 9 , 3 , 4 , 13 , 11 , 15

Differences

The effectiveness of triclabendazole can vary depending on the Fasciola species, stage of development, and the isolate’s susceptibility. 18 , 25 , 16 , 9 , 19

The level of triclabendazole resistance varies geographically and between different isolates. 8 , 22 , 5 , 9 , 15

The side effects of triclabendazole can vary depending on the individual. 13

Consistency and Contradictions

While triclabendazole remains an effective treatment for liver fluke infections, the emergence of resistance is a growing concern. 8 , 22 , 5 , 9 , 15

Implications for Everyday Life

While triclabendazole is an effective treatment for liver fluke infections, its use should be monitored carefully due to the emergence of resistance. 8 , 22 , 5 , 9 , 15

Consumers should be aware that triclabendazole residues may be present in dairy products. 17

The potential for triclabendazole to induce apoptosis and pyroptosis in F. hepatica should be further investigated. 24

Limitations of Current Research

The mechanisms underlying triclabendazole resistance are not fully understood. 8 , 22 , 5 , 9 , 15

Further research is needed on the potential side effects of triclabendazole. 13

More research is required on the efficacy and safety of alternative treatments such as thymoquinone and curcumin. 18

Future Research Directions

Development of new treatments to overcome triclabendazole resistance is crucial. 18 , 17 , 24

Further investigation into the efficacy and safety of alternative treatments like thymoquinone and curcumin is essential. 18

More research is needed to understand the side effects and mechanisms of resistance to triclabendazole. 8 , 22 , 5 , 9 , 15 , 13

Conclusion

Triclabendazole remains a valuable treatment for liver fluke infections but its effectiveness is threatened by the emergence of resistance. 8 , 22 , 5 , 9 , 15

The development of new treatments and improved strategies for using triclabendazole are crucial for the effective control of liver fluke infections. 18 , 17 , 24

Literature analysis of 26 papers
Positive Content
18
Neutral Content
2
Negative Content
6
Article Type
0
0
0
2
25
1.

Liver function markers and haematological dynamics during acute and chronic phases of experimental Fasciola hepatica infection in cattle treated with triclabendazole.

Author: CostaMonique, SaraviaAnderson, UbiosDiego, LoresPablo, da CostaValeria, FestariMaría Florencia, LandeiraMercedes, Rodríguez-ZraquiaSantiago A, BancheroGeorgget, FreireTeresa

Reduced Parasite Burden

Fasciola hepatica is a parasitic liver fluke that causes fasciolosis, a zoonotic disease. This study investigated the effects of Fasciola hepatica infection on cattle and the impact of triclabendazole (TCZ) treatment.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

2.

Providing information about triclabendazole resistance status influences farmers to change liver fluke control practices.

Author: CoyneLucy Alice, BelletCamille, LathamSophia M, WilliamsDiana

Disease losses
Triclabendazole resistance

Resistance to triclabendazole, a common veterinary medicine used to prevent liver fluke infection, is widespread.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

4.

Identification and characterization of the Fasciola hepatica sodium- and chloride-dependent taurine transporter.

Author: HamaliBulut, PichlerSandra, WischnitzkiElisabeth, SchickerKlaus, BurgerMelanie, HolyMarion, JaentschKathrin, MolinMartina, SehrEva Maria, KudlacekOliver, FreissmuthMichael

Drug target identification
Fasciolosis treatment

The taurine transporter is essential for the survival of liver flukes in the bile. This makes it a potential target for new drugs to treat fasciolosis.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

5.

Pleiotropic alterations in gene expression in Latin American Fasciola hepatica isolates with different susceptibility to drugs.

Author: RadioSantiago, FontenlaSantiago, SolanaVictoria, Matos SalimAnna C, AraújoFlávio Marcos Gomes, OrtizPedro, HobanCristian, MirandaEstefan, GayoValeria, PaisFabiano Sviatopolk-Mirsky, SolanaHugo, OliveiraGuilherme, SmircichPablo, TortJosé F

Fasciolosis treatment
Drug resistance

Drug resistance is a growing concern in the treatment of fasciolosis, a zoonotic disease caused by Fasciola hepatica. This study characterized the transcriptome of two drug-resistant isolates to reveal putative molecular mechanisms leading to drug resistance.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

7.

Evaluating the effectiveness of trematocides against Fasciola gigantica and amphistomes infections in cattle, using faecal egg count reduction tests in Iringa Rural and Arumeru Districts, Tanzania.

Author: NzalawaheJahashi, HannahRose, KassukuAhmed A, StothardJohn R, ColesGerald, EislerMark C

Cattle parasite control
Reduced efficacy

This study assessed the efficacy of different trematocides against Fasciola gigantica and amphistome infections in cattle in Tanzania. The researchers found reduced efficacy of oxyclozanide and albendazole against these parasites, highlighting the need for effective treatment options.

Evaluation StudyResearch that systematically evaluates the effectiveness of a particular program or policy. It measures its outcomes and provides important information for future decision-making.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

8.

Screening anthelmintic resistance to triclabendazole in Fasciola hepatica isolated from sheep by means of an egg hatch assay.

Author: Robles-PérezDavid, Martínez-PérezJosé Manuel, Rojo-VázquezFrancisco Antonio, Martínez-ValladaresMaría

Anthelmintic resistance

An egg hatch assay was used to detect triclabendazole resistance in sheep infected with Fasciola hepatica, revealing different levels of resistance in isolates.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

10.

Characterisation of a novel panel of polymorphic microsatellite loci for the liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica, using a next generation sequencing approach.

Author: CwiklinskiKrystyna, AllenKatherine, LaCourseJames, WilliamsDiana J, PatersonSteve, HodgkinsonJane E

Parasite control
Drug resistance

This study developed a multiplex microsatellite panel for population studies of Fasciola hepatica.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

13.

Observational study on the effectiveness and safety of multiple regimens of triclabendazole in human fascioliasis after failure to standard-of-care regimens.

Author: TerashimaAngélica, CanalesMarco, MacoVicente, MarcosLuis A

Effective for fascioliasis

Triclabendazole (TCBZ) is the recommended anthelmintic for Fasciola hepatica infection. This study described the effectiveness and tolerability of alternative TCBZ regimens in patients who failed the standard-of-care regimen in Peru.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Observational StudyResearch that observes and collects data on participants' behavior and outcomes in their natural state, without intervention.

Language : English

14.

Adverse effects of routine bovine health treatments containing triclabendazole and synthetic pyrethroids on the abundance of dipteran larvae in bovine faeces.

Author: GilbertGillian, MacGillivrayFiona S, RobertsonHelen L, JonssonNicholas N

Livestock treatment
Arthropod population effects
Chough food supply effects

Treatments containing triclabendazole and deltamethrin significantly reduce the density of arthropod larvae in livestock faeces, potentially impacting the food supply of birds like the red-billed chough.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

15.

Current Threat of Triclabendazole Resistance in Fasciola hepatica.

Author: KelleyJane M, ElliottTimothy P, BeddoeTravis, AndersonGlenn, SkucePhilip, SpithillTerry W

Drug resistance

Triclabendazole (TCBZ) is the only known drug effective against liver fluke infections, but widespread resistance is a major problem. This review discusses the current status of TCBZ resistance, the global distribution, possible mechanisms of drug action, and potential solutions for sustainable livestock production.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

17.

Investigation of the migration of triclabendazole residues to milk products manufactured from bovine milk, and stability therein, following lactating cow treatment.

Author: PowerC, DanaherM, SayersR, O'BrienB, ClancyC, FureyA, JordanK

Liver fluke treatment
Residue in milk products

Triclabendazole (TCB) residues in milk can be concentrated in dairy products such as cheese, butter, and skim milk powder.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

19.

Comparing an in vivo egg reduction test and in vitro egg hatching assay for different anthelmintics against Fasciola species, in cattle.

Author: ArafaWaleed M, ShokeirKhalid M, KhateibAbdelrahman M

Anti-fasciola activity

Triclabendazole and albendazole showed high efficacy against Fasciola infections in cattle, as evaluated by both in vivo fecal egg reduction test (FERT) and in vitro egg hatching assay (EHA).

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

20.

Effects of triclabendazole on secretion of danofloxacin and moxidectin into the milk of sheep: role of triclabendazole metabolites as inhibitors of the ruminant ABCG2 transporter.

Author: BarreraBorja, González-LobatoLucía, OteroJon A, RealRebeca, PrietoJulio G, ÁlvarezAna I, MerinoGracia

Drug-drug interactions

The major metabolites of triclabendazole, a flukicide, were found to inhibit ovine and bovine ABCG2, a transporter protein that mediates drug secretion into milk. Coadministration of triclabendazole with moxidectin, but not danofloxacin, led to significantly lower levels of moxidectin in sheep milk.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

23.

Activity of benzimidazoles against Dientamoeba fragilis (Trichomonadida, Monocercomonadidae) in vitro and correlation of beta-tubulin sequences as an indicator of resistance.

Author: StarkDamien, BarrattJoel L N, RobertsTamalee, MarriottDeborah, HarknessJohn T, EllisJohn

Parasite clearance
Symptom resolution
Benzimidazole resistance

This study investigated the effectiveness of six benzimidazole drugs against Dientamoeba fragilis, a common enteropathogen. Despite previous research suggesting susceptibility to benzimidazoles, this study found none of the tested drugs were effective against the parasite.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

24.

Triclabendazole Induces Pyroptosis by Activating Caspase-3 to Cleave GSDME in Breast Cancer Cells.

Author: YanLiang, LiuYi, MaXue-Feng, HouDan, ZhangYu-Hui, SunYong, ShiShan-Shan, ForouzanfarTim, LinHai-Yan, FanJun, WuGang

Anti-cancer effect

This study investigated the anti-cancer effects of triclabendazole on breast cancer cells. The results suggest that triclabendazole induces pyroptosis by activating caspase-3 and the ROS/JNK/Bax-mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, indicating its potential for cancer treatment.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

25.

[Comparison between albendazole and triclabendazole against Fasciola gigantica in human].

Author: FangWen, ChenFeng, LiuHong-Kun, YangQiong, YangLin

Anthelmintic effect
No side effects
Short course of treatment
Fasciola gigantica

Two patients infected with Fasciola gigantica were treated with either albendazole or triclabendazole. Albendazole showed no obvious insecticidal activity on adult Fasciola gigantica in the short term but may affect the development of eggs. Triclabendazole showed anthelmintic effects on both adults and eggs of Fasciola gigantica. Triclabendazole also demonstrated well curative effect, short course of treatment, and no obvious side effects.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : Chinese

26.

The in vitro anthelmintic activity of the ethanol leaf extracts of Terminalia catappa L. on Fasciola gigantica.

Author: AnuracpreedaPanat, ChawengkirttikulRunglawan, NgamniyomArin, PanyarachunBusaba, PuttarakPanupong, KoedrithPreeyaporn, IntaratatNoppadol

Fasciolosis treatment

There is no current treatment using plant extracts to fight fasciolosis. This study investigated the effects of Terminalia catappa L. (TcCE) extract on adult Fasciola gigantica parasites. The extract was more effective than the standard treatment, triclabendazole (TCZ), at killing the parasites.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

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