Effects of aminocaproic acid: A Synthesis of Findings from 21 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major findings

Epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA) is an antifibrinolytic drug commonly used to reduce bleeding in various medical procedures. Studies have shown that EACA can effectively reduce bleeding in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. 13 , 9 However, EACA can also increase the risk of thrombosis and affect vascular tone. 10 Furthermore, EACA may influence the healing process after tooth extraction. 5 Interestingly, EACA has been investigated for its potential benefits in promoting cementum regeneration in the mouth. 1

Benefits and risks

Benefits summary

EACA can reduce blood loss in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. 13 , 9 EACA may also play a role in promoting healing after tooth extraction. 5 It has shown potential in promoting cementum regeneration. 1

Risks summary

EACA can increase the risk of thrombosis and affect vascular tone. 10 There is a possibility of adverse effects on vascular function and inflammation. 18 , 4

Comparison between studies

Commonalities

Numerous studies have indicated that EACA effectively reduces bleeding. 15 , 13 , 10 , 9 A shared concern is the potential increase in thrombosis risk associated with EACA use. 15 , 10

Differences

Research findings on EACA's effects vary. For example, some studies report its influence on vascular constriction and inflammation, while others do not. 18 , 4 Its potential benefits in promoting healing after tooth extraction and cementum regeneration have been observed in some research. 5 , 1 EACA's potential impact on medical procedures like cardiac surgery has also been explored.

Consistency and contradictions in results

Research results regarding EACA's effects exhibit both consistency and contradictions. While its bleeding reduction effect is consistent across many studies, other aspects, such as thrombosis risk, vascular influence, and inflammatory responses, lack consistent findings across research. These contradictions might be attributed to variations in study design, participant characteristics, EACA dosage, and administration methods.

Considerations for real-world application

While EACA holds promise for reducing bleeding, it's crucial to acknowledge its potential risks, including an increased risk of thrombosis and possible vascular effects. 15 , 10 , 18 , 4 Therefore, it's essential to weigh these risks and benefits carefully and follow your doctor's instructions when using EACA.

Limitations of current research

The research on EACA's effects is still ongoing and insufficient in some respects. Many studies involve a small number of participants, and variations in study designs and measurement methods make it challenging to compare results. Furthermore, long-term effects of EACA remain insufficiently investigated.

Directions for future research

To gain a comprehensive understanding of EACA's effects, future research should involve a larger number of participants, standardized study designs, and consistent measurement methods. Further investigation is also needed to determine the long-term effects of EACA and its impact on various diseases.

Conclusion

EACA offers potential benefits in reducing bleeding, but it also poses risks, such as an increased risk of thrombosis and potential vascular effects. 15 , 10 , 18 , 4 Using EACA should involve careful consideration of these risks and benefits, and adherence to your doctor's guidance is paramount. Continued research is crucial to enhance our comprehension of EACA's effects.

Literature analysis of 21 papers
Positive Content
16
Neutral Content
1
Negative Content
4
Article Type
5
0
0
0
21
1.

Effects of the incorporation of ε-aminocaproic acid/chitosan particles to fibrin on cementoblast differentiation and cementum regeneration.

Author: ParkChan Ho, OhJoung-Hwan, JungHong-Moon, ChoiYoonnyoung, RahmanSaeed Ur, KimSungtae, KimTae-Il, ShinHong-In, LeeYun-Sil, YuFrank H, BaekJeong-Hwa, RyooHyun-Mo, WooKyung Mi

Bone regeneration
Cementum formation
Periodontal regeneration

Fibrin-ACP, a novel biomaterial, successfully promoted cementum formation and periodontal regeneration in beagle dogs. This material, incorporating ε-aminocaproic acid (ACA) into fibrin, controlled fibrin degradation and enhanced cementoblast differentiation. Fibrin-ACP showed superior results compared to fibrin alone and enamel matrix derivative (EMD) in promoting periodontal regeneration.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

3.

Effects of intravenous aminocaproic acid on exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH).

Author: BuchholzB M, MurdockA, BaylyW M, SidesR H

This study assessed the effect of aminocaproic acid (ACA) on exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH) in horses. ACA was not effective in preventing or reducing the severity of EIPH or improving performance.

Controlled Clinical TrialA clinical trial that evaluates the effectiveness of a treatment by comparing a group that receives the intervention with a group that receives a placebo or standard treatment.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

4.

Differential effects of epsilon-aminocaproic acid and aprotinin on matrix metalloproteinase release in patients following cardiopulmonary bypass.

Author: DormanBruce H, StroudRobert E, WyckoffMichael M, ZellnerJames L, BottaDon, LeonardiAmy H, IkonomidisJohn S, SpinaleFrancis G

Hemostasis
Increased inflammation

A study comparing the effects of aprotinin and epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA), two agents used to control bleeding during cardiac surgery, found that EACA increased levels of inflammatory markers more than aprotinin.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.Research funding provided by US government agencies other than the Public Health Service.

Language : English

5.

Effects of Tissucol and epsilon aminocaproic acid in the healing process following dental extraction in dehydrated rats.

Author: OkamotoTetuo, Alves-RezendeMaria Cristina Rosifini, CláudioCarolina Chiantelli, RodriguesThaís da Silveira, OkamotoRoberta

Alveolar bone healing

This histological study investigated the impact of dehydration on alveolar bone healing after tooth extraction in rats. The study found that dehydration delayed healing, but the use of fibrin adhesive (TISSUCOL) and irrigation with 5% EACA improved the fibrinolytic picture caused by dehydration.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

6.

The fibrinolytic system attenuates vascular tone: effects of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and aminocaproic acid on renal microcirculation.

Author: HeymanSamuel N, HannaZohair, NassarTaher, ShinaAhuva, AkkawiSa'ed, GoldfarbMarina, RosenSeymour, HigaziAbd-Al Roof

Medullary blood flow
Renal dysfunction

This study explored the effects of plasminogen activators (PAs) and their inhibitors on vascular tone and renal hemodynamics. They found that PA inhibitors constricted blood vessels in the renal medulla, while PAs caused dilation.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

7.

Effects of epsilon-aminocaproic acid and aprotinin on leukocyte-platelet adhesion in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

Author: GreilichPhilip E, BrouseChad F, RinderChristine S, SmithBrian R, SandovalBernardo A, RinderHenry M, EberhartRobert C, JessenMichael E

Leukocyte activation reduction
Platelet activation reduction

This study determined the relative effectiveness of the antifibrinolytics, aprotinin and EACA, at reducing leukocyte and platelet activation and leukocyte-platelet conjugate formation in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.Research funding provided by US government agencies other than the Public Health Service.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

8.

The effects of ultrafiltration on e-aminocaproic acid: an in vitro analysis.

Author: PettersonCraig M, StammersAlfred H, KohtzRyan J, KmiecikScott A, NicholsJeffrey D, MillsNancy J, LiuJun-Li

Antifibrinolytic properties
Blood conservation

Continuous ultrafiltration was shown to maintain the antifibrinolytic properties of e-aminocaproic acid (EACA) while reducing total circulating volume by 25%. This study demonstrated the potential for combining ultrafiltration with EACA in blood conservation strategies during cardiac surgery.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

9.

Hemostatic effects of aprotinin, tranexamic acid and epsilon-aminocaproic acid in primary cardiac surgery.

Author: CasatiV, GuzzonD, OppizziM, CossoliniM, TorriG, CaloriG, AlfieriO

Effective bleeding control
Reduced transfusion cost
Increased bleeding
Increased transfusion need

Tranexamic acid (TA) was found to be as effective as aprotinin (AP) in reducing bleeding and transfusions after elective cardiac surgery, but with significantly lower costs.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

10.

The effects of epsilon-aminocaproic acid on fibrinolysis and thrombin generation during cardiac surgery.

Author: SlaughterT F, FaghihF, GreenbergC S, LeslieJ B, SladenR N

Reduced bleeding
Hypercoagulability

Epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA) was found to significantly decrease fibrinolytic activity and bleeding in 41 patients undergoing primary coronary artery bypass graft surgery. However, it did not reduce thrombin generation, suggesting a potential risk of hypercoagulation.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

11.

Differing effects of aprotinin and epsilon-aminocaproic acid on cytokine-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase expression.

Author: HillG E, TaylorJ A, RobbinsR A

Reduced iNOS expression

The protease inhibitors aprotinin and epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA) were evaluated in vitro on cytokine-induced iNOS expression and nitric oxide production. These inhibitors were found to reduce cytokine-induced iNOS expression and nitric oxide production.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.Research funding provided by US government agencies other than the Public Health Service.

Language : English

12.

[Favorable effects of epsilon-aminocaproic acid on the children with nephrotic syndrome and Schonlein-Henoch syndrome treated with corticosteroids].

Author: PrandotaJ, Panków-PrandotaL, RotterA, KoteckiL

Enhanced corticosteroid efficiency
Increased protease inhibitor activity
Fever
Hypotension
Increased edema
Loose stools

EACA, a drug used to treat nephrotic syndrome and Schönlein-Henoch syndrome, was found to significantly increase the activity of certain plasma protease inhibitors in children with these conditions.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Controlled Clinical TrialA clinical trial that evaluates the effectiveness of a treatment by comparing a group that receives the intervention with a group that receives a placebo or standard treatment.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : Polish

13.

[Comparison of the effects of epsilon-aminocaproic acid and aprotinin on intra- and postoperative bleeding in heart surgery].

Author: Trinh-DucP, WintrebertP, BoulfroyD, AlbatB, ThévenetA, RoquefeuilB

Cheaper treatment
Reduce blood loss

This prospective study compared the effectiveness of aprotinin and epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA) in reducing blood loss during and after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. EACA, a cheaper antifibrinolytic drug, was found to be as effective as aprotinin, suggesting it may be a more cost-effective alternative.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : French

14.

Effects of epsilon aminocaproic acid on primary hemostasis.

Author: ZeiglerZ R

Improved primary hemostasis
Increased bleeding time

Oral epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA) was found to potentially improve primary hemostasis in patients with prolonged bleeding times. In a study of 56 patients with mild bleeding disorders or thrombocytopenia, 54% showed a decrease in bleeding time after EACA, while 11% experienced an isolated increase.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

15.

[Effects of epsilon-aminocaproic acid, amben and kontrikal on fibrinolysis due to tissue-type plasminogen activator from the pig heart].

Author: ShimonaevaE E, AndreenkoG V, AlievaN I

Fibrinolysis prevention

Amben, a plasminogen activator inhibitor, was shown to be more effective than epsilon-aminocaproic acid in preventing fibrinolysis changes induced by high doses of tissue plasminogen activator in rats. Contrykal had a slight effect on fibrinolysis stimulated by the tissue activator.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : Russian

17.

Kinetics of epsilon-aminocaproic acid distribution, elimination, and antifibrinolytic effects in normal subjects.

Author: FrederiksenM C, BowsherD J, RuoT I, HenthornT K, Ts'aoC H, GreenD, AtkinsonA J

Antifibrinolytic

Epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA) exhibited a distribution volume of 0.39 L/kg and an elimination half-life of 294 minutes. Its antifibrinolytic effect was consistent with the proposed mechanism of action.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

20.

Effects of epsilon-aminocaproic acid on fertility in the rabbit.

Author: AndradeA T, ShawS T, GuerraM O, AaronsonD E

Safe for pregnancy

Epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA) was found to have no effect on the number, viability, or size of implanted embryos at Day 10 of pregnancy, when administered orally or via an intrauterine device.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

21.

Effects of heparin and epsilon-aminocaproic acid in dogs on plasmin-125-I generation in response to urokinase injections and venous injury.

Author: TakedaY, ParkhillT R, NakabayashiM

Thrombus dissolution

Heparin and epsilon-aminocaproic acid inhibited plasmin generation in dogs, suggesting their role in thrombus dissolution.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

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