Side Effects of hyoscyamine: A Synthesis of Findings from 20 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Hyoscyamine is a medication that has been studied for its use in treating a variety of conditions, including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), urinary incontinence, and Parkinson's disease. 18 highlights its potential in managing IBS through dietary modifications, pharmacotherapy, and behavioral strategies. 8 examines hyoscyamine's role in treating urge incontinence, particularly in elderly women. 19 provides a historical overview of its use in treating Parkinson's disease, showcasing its historical significance in this field. Additionally, studies like 12 and 13 have investigated hyoscyamine's effectiveness in reducing discomfort during medical procedures like barium enemas and upper gastrointestinal radiography.

Reasons for Side Effects

Hyoscyamine's side effects stem from its ability to block the action of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in various bodily functions. Acetylcholine is involved in processes like muscle contraction, heart rate regulation, and digestive system activity. By inhibiting acetylcholine, hyoscyamine can disrupt these functions, leading to various side effects.

Common Side Effects

Dry Mouth

Hyoscyamine can inhibit saliva production, resulting in a dry mouth. This side effect is commonly reported in studies using hyoscyamine, such as 13 .

Constipation

Hyoscyamine's action on acetylcholine can slow down the digestive process, potentially leading to constipation. 9 mentions constipation as a possible side effect observed in individuals taking hyoscyamine.

Vision Problems

Hyoscyamine can affect the eyes by dilating the pupils, causing blurry vision or difficulty focusing. 16 suggests that even topical application of hyoscyamine (eyedrops) can have systemic effects, potentially impacting vision.

Tachycardia

Hyoscyamine can interfere with the heart's natural rhythm, leading to a faster heart rate (tachycardia). While 4 describes hyoscyamine's positive effect in treating a specific heart condition, it also acknowledges the possibility of hyoscyamine altering heart rate.

Suppression of Sweating

Hyoscyamine can suppress the body's natural sweating mechanism, leading to decreased perspiration and potential discomfort.

Maldigestion

Hyoscyamine's effect on the digestive system can disrupt the normal breakdown of food, potentially causing maldigestion.

Psychoneurological Side Effects

Hyoscyamine can impact the central nervous system, resulting in side effects like drowsiness, dizziness, headache, and in some cases, hallucinations. 5 discusses hyoscyamine's central nervous system effects, including sedative, antiemetic, and amnesic properties.

Countermeasures for Side Effects

Dry Mouth

Staying hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids is essential to combat dry mouth. Chewing sugar-free gum or sucking on hard candies can also help stimulate saliva production.

Constipation

Constipation can be managed by increasing fiber intake through fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Regular exercise and staying hydrated can also promote regular bowel movements. If constipation persists, consult a healthcare professional.

Vision Problems

If experiencing blurry vision or difficulty focusing, consult a doctor promptly. If the vision impairment is severe, avoid driving or operating machinery.

Tachycardia

Consult a doctor if you experience a rapid heartbeat. If tachycardia is severe, rest and avoid strenuous activity.

Suppression of Sweating

To mitigate discomfort from decreased sweating, stay in cool environments and wear loose, breathable clothing.

Maldigestion

To minimize digestive discomfort, eat small, frequent meals and avoid foods that are known to cause digestive problems. Speak to a healthcare professional for personalized dietary advice.

Psychoneurological Side Effects

If experiencing any psychoneurological side effects, such as drowsiness, dizziness, or hallucinations, consult a doctor immediately. Avoid driving or operating machinery if these side effects are significant.

Comparison Between Studies

Commonalities in Studies

Research consistently shows that hyoscyamine can be effective in treating certain conditions, particularly those related to the digestive and urinary systems. However, studies also consistently highlight the potential for hyoscyamine to cause side effects, emphasizing the need for careful monitoring and personalized management.

Differences in Studies

While the effectiveness of hyoscyamine is established in certain areas, there are differences in how its effectiveness is observed across studies. For example, 9 suggests hyoscyamine is effective in reducing pain during barium enemas, while suggests that glucagon might be a more effective alternative. These variations highlight the need for further research to understand the optimal use of hyoscyamine in different contexts.

Notes on Application in Everyday Life

Hyoscyamine can be a valuable treatment option, but it's crucial to understand and manage its potential side effects. Always follow a doctor's instructions regarding dosage and duration of treatment. If you experience any side effects, consult your healthcare provider. If taking hyoscyamine, avoid activities that require alertness or coordination, like driving or operating heavy machinery, especially if side effects affect your vision or alertness.

Limitations of Current Research

Research on hyoscyamine is ongoing, and there are limitations to what is currently known. Long-term effects of hyoscyamine use are still under investigation, and more research is needed to fully understand the long-term consequences of its use. Additionally, the effects and side effects of hyoscyamine can vary considerably between individuals, making it essential to tailor treatment strategies to the individual.

Future Research Directions

Future research should prioritize understanding the long-term impacts of hyoscyamine use on various bodily systems. Investigating the interactions between hyoscyamine and other medications is also crucial to ensure safe and effective treatment combinations. Further research aimed at identifying factors that contribute to individual variations in response to hyoscyamine would also be beneficial for personalized treatment approaches.

Conclusion

Hyoscyamine can be a valuable therapeutic agent, but its potential for side effects must be recognized and managed effectively. Always consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis, treatment, and management of any health concerns. By working closely with your doctor, you can make informed decisions regarding your health and treatment options, ensuring the most effective and safe approach for your individual needs.

Literature analysis of 20 papers
Positive Content
17
Neutral Content
2
Negative Content
1
Article Type
7
0
0
2
20
3.

Expression of Brugmansia candida Hyoscyamine 6beta-Hydroxylase gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its potential use as biocatalyst.

Author: CardilloAlejandra B, TalouJulián Rodríguez, GiuliettiAna M

Tropane alkaloids are a group of natural compounds that have anticholinergic activity. This article discusses the potential use of anisodamine, a tropane alkaloid, in medicine.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

4.

Treatment of pyridostigmine-induced AV block with hyoscyamine in a patient with myasthenia gravis.

Author: GehiAnil, BenatarMichael, LangbergJonathan

Myasthenia gravis treatment
Bradycardia
Syncope

A 60-year-old man with myasthenia gravis, a disorder that causes muscle weakness, experienced syncope due to high-degree AV block, a condition that disrupts the electrical signals from the heart to the ventricles. Treatment with hyoscyamine, a muscarinic antagonist, resolved the AV block and prevented the need for a pacemaker.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

5.

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in clinical use of scopolamine.

Author: RennerUlf D, OertelReinhard, KirchWilhelm

Antiemetic effects
Motion sickness prevention
Hallucinations

Scopolamine is a muscarinic antagonist used in premedication before anesthesia and for the prevention of motion sickness. It is available in oral, parenteral, and transdermal forms. Transdermal administration minimizes side effects, such as hallucinations and vertigo.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

6.

Warm water irrigation for dealing with spasm during colonoscopy: simple, inexpensive, and effective.

Author: ChurchJames M

Colonoscopy procedure

Warm water irrigation was evaluated as an inexpensive technique for overcoming colonic spasm during colonoscopy.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

8.

Treatment of urge incontinence in Veterans Affairs medical centers.

Author: MaloneD C, OkanoG J

UI treatment

Oxybutynin, dicyclomine, and imipramine are the most commonly used agents to treat urinary incontinence within Veterans Affairs medical centers. Most patients did not routinely refill their prescriptions.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

9.

Comparison of no medication, placebo, and hyoscyamine for reducing pain during a barium enema.

Author: BovaJ G, BhattacharjeeN, JurdiR, BennettW F

This study found that hyoscyamine did not provide any benefit over placebo or no medication for pain relief during and after a barium enema.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

10.

Prospective study comparing hyoscyamine, doxazosin, and combination therapy for the treatment of urgency and frequency in women.

Author: SerelsS, SteinM

Effective treatment for incontinence
Reduced voiding symptoms
Side effects

Doxazosin was more effective than hyoscyamine in reducing voiding symptoms in women and had fewer side effects.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Controlled Clinical TrialA clinical trial that evaluates the effectiveness of a treatment by comparing a group that receives the intervention with a group that receives a placebo or standard treatment.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

11.

A prospective, double-blind trial of L-hyoscyamine versus glucagon for the inhibition of small intestinal motility during ERCP.

Author: LahotiS, CatalanoM F, GeenenJ E, HoganW J

Cost advantage
Side effects

Levsin may be a reasonable alternative to glucagon for inhibiting duodenal motility during ERCP. Levsin is less effective but has similar procedure difficulty, fewer side effects, and a significant cost advantage.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

12.

Antispasmodic drugs to reduce discomfort and colonic spasm during barium enemas: comparison of oral hyoscyamine, i.v. glucagon, and no drug.

Author: BovaJ G, JurdiR A, BennettW F

Reduced abdominal discomfort
Reduced colonic spasm
Nausea

Oral hyoscyamine sulfate was evaluated as an alternative to glucagon for reducing abdominal discomfort and colonic spasm during barium enemas.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

13.

Comparison of L-hyoscyamine, glucagon, and placebo for air-contrast upper gastrointestinal series.

Author: MoellerG, HughesJ J, ManganoF A, GelorminiR, TomlinsonT L, DiPalmaJ A

Economical alternative
L-Hyoscyamine for UGI
Dry mouth

L-hyoscyamine, an anticholinergic drug, is an effective and economical alternative to glucagon for hypotonic gastrointestinal radiography. In a study comparing the two medications, L-hyoscyamine provided images of equal quality to glucagon, with minimal side effects.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

14.

Effect of glucagon on gastric motility examined by the acetaminophen absorption method and the endoscopic procedure.

Author: KawamotoH, YamamuraH, TatsutaM, OkudaS

Delayed gastric emptying
Inhibited gastric peristalsis
Side effects

Glucagon and butropium bromide both delayed gastric emptying and inhibited gastric peristalsis, but glucagon caused fewer side effects, making it a better premedication for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

15.

Gastric acid secretion in patients with duodenal ulcer treated for one year with anticholinergic drugs.

Author: KayeM D, BeckP, RhodesJ, SweetnamP M

Reduced parietal cell mass
Side effects

Glycopyrronium, 1-hyoscyamine, and placebo had no significant effect on gastric acid secretion in 90 patients with duodenal ulcers over a year.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Controlled Clinical TrialA clinical trial that evaluates the effectiveness of a treatment by comparing a group that receives the intervention with a group that receives a placebo or standard treatment.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

16.

Systemic bioavailability of ocularly applied 1% atropine eyedrops.

Author: KailaT, KorteJ M, SaariK M

Systemic anticholinergic effects

This study found that the bioavailability of 1-hyoscyamine, the active enantiomer of atropine, was considerable after ocular administration, which may explain the systemic anticholinergic side effects reported with atropine eyedrops.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

19.

Beans, roots and leaves: a brief history of the pharmacological therapy of parkinsonism.

Author: FoleyPaul

Successful treatment

This article examines the history of treatments for Parkinson's disease. Early treatments focused on plant alkaloids, then shifted to synthetic drugs. L-DOPA therapy was a major breakthrough in treating the disease. Current research is focusing on neuroprotective treatments to prevent or slow the progression of the disease.

Historical ArticleA research paper that analyzes past events and developments using primary sources and examines them from a historical perspective.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

20.

Screening pharmaceuticals for possible carcinogenic effects: initial positive results for drugs not previously screened.

Author: FriedmanGary D, UdaltsovaNatalia, ChanJames, QuesenberryCharles P, HabelLaurel A

None reported
Cancer risk

This study found that further studies are indicated regarding sulindac, hyoscyamine, nortriptyline, oxazepam, fluoxetine, paroxetine, hydrochlorothiazide, and nifedipine, as these drugs may have carcinogenic effects.

Evaluation StudyResearch that systematically evaluates the effectiveness of a particular program or policy. It measures its outcomes and provides important information for future decision-making.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

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