Side Effects of viloxazine: A Synthesis of Findings from 29 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Viloxazine has shown similarities to imipramine in animal pharmacological studies. 19 The antidepressant effects of viloxazine were independently recognized in seven uncontrolled clinical trials and verified in 11 published standard controlled clinical studies where viloxazine in the dosage range from 150- to 300-mg dosage was equal in overall therapeutic efficacy to imipramine and amitriptyline, but produced a lower incidence of side effects. 19 Viloxazine may also be effective in treating narcolepsy. 12 Viloxazine has been shown to inhibit REM sleep, cataplexy, and other auxiliary symptoms in patients with narcolepsy. 12 Viloxazine may also be a suitable drug for treating depression in elderly patients. 13 Although viloxazine tends to reach higher plasma levels in elderly depressed patients, its effectiveness and tolerability remain good. 13

Reasons for Side Effects

The reasons for the side effects of viloxazine are likely related to its mechanism of action. Viloxazine acts as a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, which increases the concentration of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine. 5 While this action produces antidepressant effects, it can also cause side effects. 5

Common Side Effects

Gastrointestinal

Viloxazine can cause gastrointestinal side effects. 15 These include nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite. 15 21 27 14 Gastrointestinal side effects from viloxazine are more common in the early stages of treatment. 21 14 Some studies have reported cases where gastrointestinal side effects from viloxazine forced patients to discontinue treatment. 21 14 On the other hand, viloxazine has less anticholinergic action compared to tricyclic antidepressants, making it relatively safe for use in the elderly. 21

Central Nervous System

Viloxazine can cause side effects in the central nervous system. 7 These include headache, dizziness, drowsiness, and insomnia. 23 1 Central nervous system side effects from viloxazine are more common in the elderly. 1 14

Others

Viloxazine may also cause side effects such as weight gain, increased blood pressure, and rash. 15 28 26 11 Viloxazine may increase carbamazepine plasma levels when used in combination with carbamazepine, and caution is required. 10

Side Effect Management

Gastrointestinal

Dietary and medication management may be effective in reducing gastrointestinal side effects from viloxazine. 15 For example, eating smaller, more frequent meals or taking antiemetics can be considered. 15

Central Nervous System

Adjusting the dosage or combining viloxazine with other medications may be effective in reducing central nervous system side effects. 23 1 For example, if drowsiness is severe, taking the medication before bedtime or combining it with other medications to reduce drowsiness can be considered. 23 1

Research Comparison

Research Commonalities

Many studies have shown that viloxazine has similar therapeutic effects to imipramine and amitriptyline, but with a lower incidence of side effects. 19 28 21 Viloxazine is also considered relatively safe for use in the elderly. 13 21

Research Differences

Some studies have shown that viloxazine is more effective than imipramine. 28 21 There are also reports that viloxazine takes effect faster than imipramine. 28 On the other hand, there are also reports that viloxazine causes more gastrointestinal side effects than imipramine. 21

Practical Application Notes

Viloxazine shows promise in treating depression and narcolepsy, but its potential side effects should be considered. 5 Before starting viloxazine, it's crucial to consult a doctor and choose the most appropriate treatment for your condition. 5

Current Research Limitations

There is still not enough research on viloxazine. Data on long-term safety and effectiveness is particularly lacking. 5 Additionally, the mechanism of action of viloxazine is not fully understood. 5

Future Research Directions

Research on the long-term safety and effectiveness of viloxazine is needed. 5 Research into the mechanism of action of viloxazine is also crucial. 5 These studies will hopefully expand the scope of application for viloxazine and lead to the development of safer and more effective treatment methods. 5

Conclusion

Viloxazine is a promising medication for treating depression and narcolepsy. 5 However, because it can cause side effects in the gastrointestinal system and central nervous system, it's important to consult a doctor and choose the most appropriate treatment for your condition. 5 While research on viloxazine is still limited, future studies are expected to develop safer and more effective treatment methods. 5

Keywords
Benefit Keywords
Antidepressant treatment
1
ADHD symptom improvement
2
Treats ADHD
3
ADHD treatment
Efficacy and safety
4
ADHD treatment
Depression treatment
5
Narcolepsy treatment
6
HIV treatment
7
Improves sexual function
8
Lofepramine for depression
Moclobemide for depression
9
Epilepsy treatment
10
Antidepressant effect
11
Narcolepsy treatment
12
Antidepressant effect
13
Improved depression
14
Effective for depression
Rapid onset of action
Well tolerated
15
Improved depression
17
Antidepressant effect
18
Antidepressant effects
Equal efficacy to imipramine and amitriptyline
Fewer side effects
19
Improved depressive symptoms
No anticholinergic effects
20
Effective antidepressant
Useful for involutional depression
21
Effective for depression
No anticholinergic side effects
22
Effective antidepressant
Safe antidepressant
Suitable for geriatric and cardiovascular patients
23
Depression treatment
24
Effective antidepressant
Well tolerated
25
Antidepressant effect
Less cardiotoxic
26
Antidepressant effects
Anxiolytic effects
Energizing effects
27
Effective for depression
Few side effects
Rapid onset
Well tolerated
28
Antidepressant effect
Viloxazine efficacy
29
Risk Keywords
Drowsiness
Side effects
1
Anxiety
Appetite suppression
Growth suppression
Hypotension
Insomnia
Mood exacerbation
Sedation
Tics
2
Gastrointestinal symptoms
5
Psychiatric side effects
7
Side effects
8
TCA side effects
9
Carbamazepine interaction
Carbamazepine intoxication
Increased carbamazepine levels
10
Side effects
11
Headache
Nausea
12
Headache
Nausea
13
Exacerbation of anxiety
Gastric disturbance
14
Nausea
Vomiting
15
Anticholinergic side effects
18
Gastrointestinal side effects
20
Nausea
Vomiting
21
Headache
Nausea
22
Dizziness
Nausea
23
Side effects
24
Sinus tachycardia
26
Gastrointestinal side effects
27
Fatigue
Hypertension
Sleep disturbances
28
Gastrointestinal disturbance
29
Literature analysis of 29 papers
Positive Content
26
Neutral Content
3
Negative Content
0
Article Type
4
0
1
5
29
1.

Age-related differences in kinetics and side-effects of viloxazine in man and their clinical implications.

Author: AltamuraA C, MelorioT, InvernizziG, ColacurcioF, GomeniR

Antidepressant treatment
Drowsiness
Side effects

Viloxazine pharmacokinetics varied significantly with age. Older subjects had lower peak plasma values and longer half-lives. Side effects were more common in younger subjects.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

3.

Viloxazine for the Treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

Author: RobinsonChristopher L, ParkerKatelyn, KatariaSaurabh, DownsEvan, SupraRajesh, KayeAlan D, ViswanathOmar, UritsIvan

Treats ADHD

Nonstimulant medications like viloxazine, atomoxetine, guanfacine, and clonidine are becoming increasingly popular for treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) due to their minimal adverse effects compared to stimulants.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

4.

A Phase III, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of Viloxazine Extended-Release Capsules in Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

Author: NasserAzmi, HullJoseph T, ChaturvediSoumya A, LiransoTesfaye, OdeboOyinkansola, KosheleffAlisa R, FryNicholas, CutlerAndrew J, RubinJonathan, SchwabeStefan, ChildressAnn

ADHD treatment
Efficacy and safety

Viloxazine extended-release capsules (viloxazine ER) have shown efficacy and safety in treating attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of viloxazine ER in adults with ADHD.

Clinical Trial, Phase IIIA Phase III trial is a trial that further rigorously verifies the efficacy and safety of a new drug or treatment, whose efficacy and safety have been confirmed in a Phase II trial, in a large number of patients, and evaluates whether it is superior to existing treatments.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

5.

Viloxazine in the Management of CNS Disorders: A Historical Overview and Current Status.

Author: FindlingRobert L, CandlerShawn A, NasserAzmi F, SchwabeStefan, YuChungping, Garcia-OlivaresJennie, O'NealWelton, NewcornJeffrey H

ADHD treatment
Depression treatment
Gastrointestinal symptoms

Viloxazine, a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, has a long history of use as an antidepressant in Europe. It is now repurposed as an extended-release formulation for treating attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in the USA.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

6.

Antidepressant drugs for narcolepsy.

Author: VignatelliL, D'AlessandroR, CandeliseL

Narcolepsy treatment

This study discusses narcolepsy, a central nervous system disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy. It highlights the use of stimulant drugs and antidepressants in managing the symptoms.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

7.

[Apropos of atypical melancholia with Sustiva (efavirenz)].

Author: LangJ P, HalleguenO, PicardA, LangJ M, DanionJ M

HIV treatment
Psychiatric side effects

This article discusses the psychiatric side effects of efavirenz, a medication used to treat HIV. Efavirenz can cause a variety of psychiatric side effects, including nightmares, hallucinations, and depression.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : French

8.

[Antidepressants and sexual stimulation: the correlation].

Author: ChebiliS, AbaoubA, MezouaneB, Le GoffJ F

Improves sexual function
Side effects

This study investigates the correlation between antidepressant treatment and sexual stimulation. Viloxazine, an atypical antidepressant, was found to have a desinhibiting effect on sex drive. Moclobemide was shown to improve all components of sexual function.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : French

9.

Recent advances in antidepressant drugs.

Author: PriestR G, BaldwinD S, BullockT, KibelD, SmeyatskyN, SteinertJ

Lofepramine for depression
Moclobemide for depression
TCA side effects

Moclobemide, a reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A (RIMA), is a safe and effective antidepressant with a low incidence of side effects. It offers a potential alternative to tricyclic antidepressants and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), which have more drawbacks.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

10.

Carbamazepine-viloxazine interaction in patients with epilepsy.

Author: PisaniF, FazioA, OteriG, PeruccaE, RussoM, TrioR, PisaniB, Di PerriR

Epilepsy treatment
Carbamazepine interaction
Carbamazepine intoxication
Increased carbamazepine levels

Viloxazine, an antidepressant agent, induced a significant increase in steady-state plasma carbamazepine concentration in six depressed epileptic patients. The increase was associated with symptoms of carbamazepine intoxication in three patients.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

11.

[Comparative evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy of the antidepressants adepren, linamiphen and emovit].

Author: GuliamovM G

Antidepressant effect
Side effects

Bulgarian antidepressants, adepren, linamiphen, and emovit, showed varying degrees of effectiveness in different types of depression. Adepren was most effective in inhibitory depressions, while emovit was most effective in anxiety and hypochondriac depressions. Linamiphen was effective in inhibitory depressions but had a higher incidence of side effects.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : Russian

13.

Age, therapeutic "milieu" and clinical outcome in depressive patients treated with viloxazine: a study with plasma levels.

Author: AltamuraA C, MauriM C, GuercettiG

Antidepressant effect
Headache
Nausea

Viloxazine was effective in treating depression in both young and elderly patients. Elderly patients showed higher steady-state plasma levels and level/dose ratios compared to younger patients. The drug was well tolerated in elderly patients, making it suitable for use in ambulant geriatric depressed patients.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

15.

Viloxazine (Vivalan ICI) in depression: results of a field trial of 276 patients in neuropsychiatric practice.

Author: SebjanicV, GrombeinS

Effective for depression
Rapid onset of action
Well tolerated
Nausea
Vomiting

Viloxazine, an antidepressant, was found to be effective in treating 276 depressed patients. The drug produced a good response in 83% of patients and was well-tolerated.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

16.

Viloxazine and the depressed schizophrenic--methodological issues.

Author: KurlandA A, NagarajuA

Viloxazine, in combination with chlorpromazine or haloperidol, showed no significant benefit in treating depression in schizophrenic patients.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

17.

Viloxazine plasma concentrations and clinical response.

Author: NormanT R, BurrowsG D, DaviesB M, MaguireK P, WurmJ M

Improved depression

Viloxazine showed no clear relationship between plasma concentration and response in 11 patients with primary depressive illness.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

19.

Viloxazine: a review of the literature.

Author: BanT A, McEvoyJ P, WilsonW H

Antidepressant effects
Equal efficacy to imipramine and amitriptyline
Fewer side effects

Viloxazine, an antidepressant, was found to be as effective as imipramine and amitriptyline in treating depression, with a lower incidence of side effects.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

20.

Comparison of Vivalan (viloxazine hydrochloride) with imipramine in the treatment of depression. A double-blind study.

Author: SantonastasoP, MaistrelloI, BattistinL

Improved depressive symptoms
No anticholinergic effects
Gastrointestinal side effects

Viloxazine hydrochloride and imipramine are both effective in treating depressive illness.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Controlled Clinical TrialA clinical trial that evaluates the effectiveness of a treatment by comparing a group that receives the intervention with a group that receives a placebo or standard treatment.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

21.

A double blind comparison of viloxazine and amitryptyline in involutional and endogenous depression.

Author: BotterP A

Effective antidepressant
Useful for involutional depression
Nausea
Vomiting

Viloxazine was equally effective as amitriptyline in treating endogenous depression and significantly more effective in involutional depression. Viloxazine caused less anticholinergic side effects than amitriptyline.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Controlled Clinical TrialA clinical trial that evaluates the effectiveness of a treatment by comparing a group that receives the intervention with a group that receives a placebo or standard treatment.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

23.

[Double-blind trial of 2 antidepressive drugs].

Author: De LeónO, KravcioJ T, SánchezC

Effective antidepressant
Safe antidepressant
Suitable for geriatric and cardiovascular patients
Dizziness
Nausea

Viloxazine was found to be as effective as Desipramine in treating hospitalized depressives. Both drugs significantly reduced symptoms after one week of treatment. The main side effects of Viloxazine were nausea and dizziness, while Desipramine caused the usual antidepressant side effects.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Controlled Clinical TrialA clinical trial that evaluates the effectiveness of a treatment by comparing a group that receives the intervention with a group that receives a placebo or standard treatment.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : Spanish

24.

A sequential trial of viloxazine (Vivalan) and imipramine in moderately depressed patients.

Author: DaviesB, JoshuaS, BurrowsG, PoyntonC

Depression treatment
Side effects

Viloxazine and imipramine were compared for their effectiveness in treating moderately severe depressive illness in 22 patients. Both treatments resulted in significant reductions in depression scores. No significant difference was found between the two treatments, but fewer side effects were reported with viloxazine.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

25.

A comparative study of maprotiline (Ludiomil) and viloxazine in the management of depressed patients in general practice.

Author: LomasD M

Effective antidepressant
Well tolerated

Maprotiline and viloxazine were similar in efficacy and tolerability as antidepressants in general practice. Maprotiline appeared to be slightly superior in terms of sleep and sadness, but the difference was not statistically significant.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

26.

Controlled trial of nomifensin (HOE 984) and viloxazine in the treatment of depression in the elderly.

Author: MoizeszowiczJ, SubiráS

Antidepressant effect
Less cardiotoxic
Sinus tachycardia

Nomifensin and viloxazine were both effective in treating depression in elderly patients. Nomifensin showed a statistically significant improvement in scores from the second week onwards. Both drugs had minimal side effects.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Controlled Clinical TrialA clinical trial that evaluates the effectiveness of a treatment by comparing a group that receives the intervention with a group that receives a placebo or standard treatment.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

27.

[Drug therapy profile of viloxazine. Open clinical trial with 34 patients].

Author: Pérez de FranciscoC

Antidepressant effects
Anxiolytic effects
Energizing effects
Gastrointestinal side effects

Viloxazine was found to be effective in treating anxiety, energizing, and depression.

English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : Spanish

28.

[Doubleblind study with the novel antidepressant viloxazine versus imipramine in 50 in-patients (author's transl)].

Author: FloruL, CzarnyG, TegelerJ

Effective for depression
Few side effects
Rapid onset
Well tolerated
Fatigue
Hypertension
Sleep disturbances

Viloxazine was a very active and well-tolerated thymoleptic substance in 50 depressive patients, with a more rapid onset of effect and fewer side effects compared to imipramine.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Controlled Clinical TrialA clinical trial that evaluates the effectiveness of a treatment by comparing a group that receives the intervention with a group that receives a placebo or standard treatment.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : German

29.

A placebo controlled trial of viloxazine with and without tranquillizers in depressive illness.

Author: MagnusR V

Antidepressant effect
Viloxazine efficacy
Gastrointestinal disturbance

Viloxazine was more effective than placebo in treating depression. In patients with anxiety, viloxazine alone was preferable to a combination with a tranquillizer.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Controlled Clinical TrialA clinical trial that evaluates the effectiveness of a treatment by comparing a group that receives the intervention with a group that receives a placebo or standard treatment.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

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