Side Effects of alpha-tocopherol: A Synthesis of Findings from 26 Studies

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This information is not medical advice and is not a substitute for diagnosis or treatment by a physician.Data sources and disclaimers (data limitations, copyright, etc.)The analysis on "Side Effects of alpha-tocopherol: A Synthesis of Findings from 26 Studies" on this page is based on PubMed data provided by the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM). However, NLM does not endorse or verify these analyses.

This analysis is based on research papers included in PubMed, but medical research is constantly evolving and may not fully reflect the latest findings. There may also be biases towards certain research areas.

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Alpha-tocopherol, a form of vitamin E known for its antioxidant properties, has been the subject of numerous research studies. 16 , 24 , 8 , 26 , 3 , 1 , 20 , 11 , , 17 , 23 , 2 , 6 , 7 , 14 , 13 , 19 , 25 , 4 , 22 , 15 , 9 , 5 , , 18 , 12 These studies suggest the potential of alpha-tocopherol in treating various diseases and conditions. For example, 16 indicates that alpha-tocopherol could suppress ototoxicity caused by cisplatin. Additionally, 8 shows that alpha-tocopherol can inhibit cell death induced by monochloramine. Furthermore, 1 demonstrates the potential of alpha-tocopherol in alleviating side effects of cancer treatment. Conversely, 26 suggests that high intake of alpha-tocopherol could worsen lung damage caused by smoking. Thus, alpha-tocopherol exhibits diverse effects, but its potential side effects should be considered.

Reasons for Side Effects

The side effects of alpha-tocopherol are thought to be caused by its antioxidant properties. Antioxidant properties work by removing reactive oxygen species in the body, preventing cell damage. However, reactive oxygen species play essential roles in cell proliferation and immunity, and excessive removal of reactive oxygen species could inhibit these functions. 26 , 1

Common Side Effects

Nausea and Vomiting

Taking alpha-tocopherol can cause digestive side effects such as nausea and vomiting. 1

Headache

Alpha-tocopherol intake can lead to neurological side effects such as headaches. 1

Fatigue

Alpha-tocopherol intake can cause fatigue and other forms of malaise. 1

Indigestion

Alpha-tocopherol intake can increase the likelihood of indigestion. 1

Thrombosis

High doses of alpha-tocopherol can potentially increase the risk of thrombosis. 1

Bleeding

High doses of alpha-tocopherol can increase the susceptibility to bleeding. 1

Immunosuppression

High doses of alpha-tocopherol can potentially lower immune function. 26

Worsening of Cancer

High doses of alpha-tocopherol can potentially promote cancer progression. 1

Measures to Counteract Side Effects

Start with Small Doses

When taking alpha-tocopherol, begin with small doses and gradually increase the amount. 1

Consult a Doctor

Before taking alpha-tocopherol, consult a physician. They can recommend the appropriate dosage and administration method based on your health condition. 1

Be Aware of Interactions with Other Medications

Alpha-tocopherol can interact with other medications, potentially altering their effectiveness or increasing the risk of side effects. Be cautious about interactions when taking alpha-tocopherol. 1

Monitor Changes in Your Health

If you experience any health changes while taking alpha-tocopherol, discontinue use immediately and consult a doctor. 1

Comparison Between Studies

Commonalities in Studies

Alpha-tocopherol, a type of vitamin E with antioxidant properties, has been studied in various research. These studies show the potential of alpha-tocopherol in treating various diseases and conditions. However, they also point out the possibility of alpha-tocopherol side effects.

Differences in Studies

The effects and side effects of alpha-tocopherol vary depending on the study. This is likely due to differences in research subjects and methods. For instance, 16 shows that alpha-tocopherol can suppress ototoxicity, while 26 suggests that high intake of alpha-tocopherol can worsen lung damage caused by smoking. As such, the effects and side effects of alpha-tocopherol vary across studies, requiring further research.

Points to Consider for Real-Life Applications

Alpha-tocopherol is present in food and can be obtained through regular dietary intake. However, if you choose to take alpha-tocopherol supplements, be mindful of the risk of overconsumption. Excessive intake can lead to various side effects as demonstrated in 1 . Therefore, adhere to the recommended dosage and consult with a doctor when taking alpha-tocopherol supplements.

Current Research Limitations

Research on alpha-tocopherol is still insufficient. Consequently, a complete understanding of its effects and side effects is yet to be achieved. Additionally, the effects of alpha-tocopherol can vary from person to person. Therefore, considering your individual constitution and health condition is crucial when taking alpha-tocopherol.

Future Research Directions

Further research on alpha-tocopherol is necessary. Specifically, studying its long-term effects and its effectiveness against various diseases and conditions is crucial. Moreover, considering individual differences in response to alpha-tocopherol requires research that accounts for individual variations.

Conclusion

Alpha-tocopherol, a type of vitamin E with antioxidant properties, has shown potential benefits in treating various diseases and conditions. However, it's essential to be aware of the possibility of side effects. Avoid overconsumption, and consult with a doctor before taking alpha-tocopherol supplements. Further research is needed to fully understand the effects and side effects of alpha-tocopherol. We hope for continued research to deepen our understanding and pave the way for safe and effective use of alpha-tocopherol.

Literature analysis of 26 papers
Positive Content
24
Neutral Content
1
Negative Content
1
Article Type
4
0
2
2
26
1.

The Vitamin E Isoform α-Tocopherol is Not Effective as a Complementary Treatment in Cancer Treatment: A Systematic Review.

Author: RetzlaffDorothee, DörflerJennifer, KutschanSabine, FreudingMaren, BüntzelJens, HübnerJutta

CIPN management
Mucositis reduction
Survival reduction

The effectiveness of alpha-tocopherol as a complementary treatment for cancer patients remains unclear. While some studies show improvement in mucositis and CIPN, others demonstrate no effect. Due to the potential for negative influence on survival rates, α-tocopherol usage during cancer therapy should be discouraged.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

3.

Potentiation of antiaggregating effect of prostaglandins by alpha-tocopherol and quercetin.

Author: MardlaVilja, KobzarGennadi, SamelNigulas

Inhibition of platelet aggregation

Prostaglandins are drugs that can prevent blood clots, but they can also have side effects. This study found that alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) and quercetin increase the effectiveness of prostaglandins at lower doses, potentially reducing side effects.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

4.

Interventions Preventing Vaginitis, Vaginal Atrophy after Brachytherapy or Radiotherapy Due to Malignant Tumors of the Female Reproductive Organs-A Systematic Review.

Author: WierzbickaAdrianna, Mańkowska-WierzbickaDorota, CieślewiczStanisław, Stelmach-MardasMarta, MardasMarcin

Improve dyspareunia
Improve vaginal dryness
Reduce vaginitis symptoms

Radiotherapy for cervical and uterine cancers can cause severe vaginal side effects. This study reviews available interventions to manage vaginitis and vaginal atrophy, focusing on improving dyspareunia, mucosal inflammation, vaginal pH, and dryness in women who have undergone brachytherapy or radiotherapy.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

5.

Decrease in plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, cholesteryl ester transfer protein, and oxidized low-density lipoprotein by plant stanol ester-containing spread: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

Author: HommaYasuhiko, IkedaIkuo, IshikawaToshitsugu, TatenoMasao, SuganoMichihiro, NakamuraHaruo

Cholesterol reduction

Plant stanol ester-containing spread reduced plasma levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in Japanese subjects.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

8.

Characterization of monochloramine toxicity on PC12 cells and protective effect of tocopherol via antioxidative function.

Author: PigaRosaria, SaitoYoshiro, ChenZhihua, YoshidaYasukazu, NikiEtsuo

This study investigated the underlying mechanism of cytotoxic effects of monochloramine (NH(2)Cl) on an undifferentiated rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cell line and the protective effects of antioxidants.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

9.

Use of alpha-tocopherol esters for topical vitamin E treatment: evaluation of their skin permeation and metabolism.

Author: Ben-ShabatShimon, KazdanYolia, Beit-YannaiElie, SintovAmnon C

Hydrolysed to free α-Toc
Improved skin penetration
Lethal to rats

α-Toc conjugates with unsaturated fatty acids may be a good alternative as stable vitamin E derivatives, rather than the α-TAc ester.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

10.

A European multicentre, placebo-controlled supplementation study with alpha-tocopherol, carotene-rich palm oil, lutein or lycopene: analysis of serum responses.

Author: OlmedillaBegoña, GranadoFernando, SouthonSusan, WrightAnthony J A, BlancoInmaculada, Gil-MartinezEnrique, van den BergHenk, ThurnhamDavid, CorridanBernice, ChopraMridula, HiningerIsabelle

Reduces oxidative tissue damage
Carotenodermia

Supplementation with carotenoids and alpha-tocopherol is safe and effective for increasing serum levels of these antioxidants.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

11.

Sigma-2 receptor/TMEM97 agonist PB221 as an alternative drug for brain tumor.

Author: LiuChia-Chi, YuChing-Fang, WangShu-Chi, LiHsueh-Yin, LinChiu-Min, WangHsia-Han, AbateCarmen, ChiangChi-Shiun

Brain tumor treatment

PB221, a sigma-2 receptor agonist, is being studied for its anti-tumor effect in an anaplastic astrocytoma tumor model. This drug has shown encouraging results in pancreatic cancer and neuroblastoma cells and may be a potential treatment for glioblastoma, a difficult-to-treat brain tumor.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

12.

High dose vitamin E therapy in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis as add-on therapy to riluzole: results of a placebo-controlled double-blind study.

Author: GrafM, EckerD, HorowskiR, KramerB, RiedererP, GerlachM, HagerC, LudolphA C, BeckerG, OsterhageJ, JostW H, SchrankB, SteinC, KostopulosP, LubikS, WekwerthK, DenglerR, TroegerM, WuerzA, HogeA, SchraderC, SchimkeN, KrampflK, PetriS, ZierzS, EgerK, NeudeckerS, TraufellerK, SievertM, NeundörferB, HechtM,

Disease progression slowing

In a clinical trial, vitamin E supplementation added to riluzole did not show significant efficacy in slowing down disease progression in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

13.

Protective effects of alpha-tocopherol against gentamicin-induced Oto-vestibulo toxicity: an experimental study.

Author: FetoniAnna Rita, SergiBruno, ScaranoEmanuele, PaludettiGaetano, FerraresiAldo, TroianiDiana

Protection against gentamicin oto-vestibulotoxicity

This study investigated the protective effects of alpha-tocopherol against gentamicin-induced oto-vestibulotoxicity.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

15.

Effects of tocopherols and tocotrienols on body composition and bone calcium content in adrenalectomized rats replaced with dexamethasone.

Author: Ima-NirwanaS, SuhanizaS

Osteoporosis prevention
Reduced body fat mass

This study investigated the effects of gamma-tocotrienol and alpha-tocopherol on body composition and bone calcium content in adrenalectomized rats given dexamethasone. The study found that gamma-tocotrienol reduced body fat mass and increased bone calcium content.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

16.

Effects of trolox, locally applied on round windows, on cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in guinea pigs.

Author: TeranishiMasa-aki, NakashimaTsutomu

Ototoxicity prevention

Trolox, a water-soluble analogue of alpha-tocopherol, was found to suppress cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in guinea pigs.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

18.

Chemoprevention of prostate cancer: agents and study designs.

Author: ThompsonIan M

Prostate cancer prevention

Prostate cancer prevention trials have increased interest in this intervention. This paper reviews promising agents for prostate cancer prevention, clinical trial designs, and how these agents may be used clinically.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

20.

Antigenotoxic, antimutagenic and ROS scavenging activities of a Rhoeo discolor ethanolic crude extract.

Author: González-AvilaM, Arriaga-AlbaM, de la GarzaM, del Carmen HernándezPretelínM, Domínguez-OrtízM A, Fattel-FazendaS, Villa-TreviñoS

Antigenotoxic
Antimutagenic
ROS scavenger

Rhoeo discolor, a traditional Mexican medicinal plant, shows no mutagenic or genotoxic activity, but demonstrates antimutagenic and antigenotoxic effects, potentially through its antioxidant properties.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

21.

A European multicentre, placebo-controlled supplementation study with alpha-tocopherol, carotene-rich palm oil, lutein or lycopene: analysis of serum responses.

Author: OlmedillaBegoña, GranadoFernando, SouthonSusan, WrightAnthony J A, BlancoInmaculada, Gil-MartinezEnrique, van den BergHenk, ThurnhamDavid, CorridanBernice, ChopraMridula, HiningerIsabelle

Reduces oxidative tissue damage
Carotenodermia

Supplementation with carotenoids and alpha-tocopherol is safe and effective for increasing serum levels of these antioxidants.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

24.

Cholesterol-functionalized DNA/RNA heteroduplexes cross the blood-brain barrier and knock down genes in the rodent CNS.

Author: NagataTetsuya, DwyerChrissa A, Yoshida-TanakaKie, IharaKensuke, OhyagiMasaki, KaburagiHidetoshi, MiyataHaruka, EbiharaSatoe, YoshiokaKotaro, IshiiTakashi, MiyataKanjiro, MiyataKenichi, PowersBerit, IgariTomoko, YamamotoSyunsuke, ArimuraNaoto, HirabayashiHideki, UchiharaToshiki, HaraRintaro Iwata, WadaTakeshi, BennettC Frank, SethPunit P, RigoFrank, YokotaTakanori

ASO therapy for neurological diseases
CNS gene regulation
Effective blood-brain barrier crossing
Focal brain necrosis
Thrombocytopenia

This study demonstrates the potential of DNA/RNA heteroduplex oligonucleotides (HDOs) for targeted gene knockdown in the central nervous system (CNS). Cholesterol-conjugated HDOs effectively cross the blood-brain barrier, achieving significant gene suppression in major CNS cell types without requiring intrathecal administration. The findings offer a promising approach for developing ASO-based therapies for neurological diseases.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

25.

Effects of alpha-tocopherol associated with lovastatin on brain tissue and memory function in SHRSPs.

Author: GuimarãesMarcela Rodrigues Moreira, MuradLeonardo Borges, PaganelliAline, de OliveiraCarlos Alberto Basílio, ViannaLucia Marques Alves

Inflammation reduction
Memory improvement

Alpha-tocopherol may reverse the neurological side effects of statins and enhance their anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, both alpha-tocopherol and lovastatin improved memory and cognition, decreased oxidative stress, and preserved hippocampal tissue in rats.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

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