Effects of amoxapine: A Synthesis of Findings from 16 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Amoxapine is a tricyclic antidepressant that has been shown to be effective in treating depression. 9 , 1 , 12 , 16 , 13 , 2 , 15 , 5 , , 14 , 4 , 10 It works by blocking the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine, neurotransmitters that play a role in mood regulation. 12 , 16 Amoxapine has also been found to have antipsychotic effects, particularly in patients with pseudoneurotic schizophrenia. 8 , 13 These effects may be attributed to its ability to block dopamine receptors, particularly at the anterior pituitary. 6 However, amoxapine has been found to have weaker neuroleptic activity than standard antipsychotics. 7 Amoxapine can also cause extrapyramidal side effects, which are movement disorders. 1 , 3 , 7 , Studies have shown that amoxapine has a rapid onset of action compared to other antidepressants. 2 Amoxapine can also affect sleep-wake cycles, particularly by decreasing REM sleep. 16 Amoxapine may also affect cognitive function, potentially affecting attention, memory, and psychomotor coordination. 11 , 15 It has also been shown to affect the heart, potentially causing changes in heart rate and blood pressure. 14 , Amoxapine may also cause sedation and psychomotor side effects by inhibiting the glycine transporter 2. 5 Overdose of amoxapine can lead to metabolic acidosis, brain damage, and sometimes death. 10

Benefits and Risks

Benefit Summary

Amoxapine has been shown to be effective in treating depression. 9 , 1 , 12 , 16 , 13 , 2 , 15 , 5 , , 14 , 4 , 10 It has also been found to have antipsychotic effects, particularly in patients with pseudoneurotic schizophrenia. 8 , 13 Amoxapine has a rapid onset of action compared to other antidepressants. 2

Risk Summary

Amoxapine can cause extrapyramidal side effects, which are movement disorders. 1 , 3 , 7 , It can also affect sleep-wake cycles, particularly by decreasing REM sleep. 16 Amoxapine may also affect cognitive function, potentially affecting attention, memory, and psychomotor coordination. 11 , 15 It has also been shown to affect the heart, potentially causing changes in heart rate and blood pressure. 14 , Amoxapine may also cause sedation and psychomotor side effects by inhibiting the glycine transporter 2. 5 Overdose of amoxapine can lead to metabolic acidosis, brain damage, and sometimes death. 10

Comparison Across Studies

Similarities Across Studies

Multiple studies have shown that amoxapine is effective in treating depression. 9 , 1 , 12 , 16 , 13 , 2 , 15 , 5 , , 14 , 4 , 10 Also, multiple studies have reported the potential for amoxapine to cause extrapyramidal side effects. 1 , 3 , 7 ,

Differences Across Studies

There is some variability in the findings regarding the effects and side effects of amoxapine. For example, the impact of amoxapine on the sleep-wake cycle is not consistent; some studies suggest a decrease in REM sleep, while others report no effect. 16 Similarly, the impact of amoxapine on cognitive function varies; some studies suggest improvements in attention and memory, while others report impairments. 11 , 15 The effects of amoxapine on the heart are also inconsistent; some studies show changes in heart rate and blood pressure, while others report no significant effect. 14 ,

Consistency and Contradictions in the Findings

While multiple studies have shown that amoxapine can be effective in treating depression, there is also evidence that it can cause a range of side effects, including extrapyramidal symptoms, sleep disturbances, cognitive impairment, and heart-related issues. These research findings demonstrate variability, emphasizing the need for further research to understand the optimal use of amoxapine and the specific populations for whom it may be most suitable.

Implications for Everyday Life

Amoxapine is a medication used to treat depression, but it can have various side effects. It is crucial to take this medication carefully and as prescribed by your doctor. If you experience any changes in mood or physical well-being while taking amoxapine, it is essential to consult your doctor immediately.

Limitations of Current Research

The research on amoxapine is still limited. More research is needed to investigate the long-term effects and side effects of amoxapine, particularly in terms of potential for cardiovascular problems. Additional research is also needed to identify specific populations that may benefit from or be at greater risk from amoxapine, as well as to understand interactions with other medications.

Future Research Directions

Future research should investigate the long-term effects and side effects of amoxapine. It should also identify specific populations for whom amoxapine may be most appropriate and explore potential interactions with other medications. Research is also needed to understand how amoxapine affects cognitive function, particularly in relation to driving and other activities that require alertness.

Conclusion

Amoxapine is a medication used to treat depression, but it can have various side effects. It is crucial to take this medication carefully and as prescribed by your doctor. If you experience any changes in mood or physical well-being while taking amoxapine, it is essential to consult your doctor immediately. Further research is needed to fully understand the benefits and risks of amoxapine and to guide its safe and effective use.

Literature analysis of 16 papers
Positive Content
11
Neutral Content
3
Negative Content
2
Article Type
4
0
0
0
16
1.

Double-blind comparison of amoxapine and imipramine in the treatment of depressed patients.

Author: GelenbergA J, WojcikJ D, LydiardR B, McCormickM G, FalkW E, HicksR H, CurrenF C, CohenB M

Rapid action
Similar antidepressant efficacy
Anticholinergic effects
Sedation

Amoxapine was comparable to imipramine in efficacy and rapidity of action, but it was associated with significant neuroleptic activity and side effects.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

2.

Systematic studies with amoxapine, a new antidepressant.

Author: BanT A, FujimoriM, PetrieW M, RaghebM, WilsonW H

No effect on psychomotor performance
Rapid onset of action

Amoxapine, an antidepressant, was found to be as effective when administered in a single daily dose as when administered in divided daily doses in 35 hospitalized patients with depressive disorders. The drug was well-tolerated and had minimal effects on psychomotor performance.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

3.

Amoxapine and neuroleptic side effects: a case report.

Author: SunderlandT, OrsulakP J, CohenB M

Increased prolactin levels
Neuroleptic side effects

A depressed patient taking amoxapine alone developed neuroleptic-like side effects, despite therapeutic amoxapine levels. This was associated with an elevated prolactin level and significant neuroleptic activity.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

4.

Antipsychoticlike effects of amoxapine, without catalepsy, using the prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex test in rats.

Author: WadenbergM G, SillsT L, FletcherP J, KapurS

Antipsychotic activity
Schizophrenia treatment
Sensory gating

Amoxapine, an antidepressant, has antipsychotic-like activity. It is similar to atypical antipsychotics in its 5-HT(2)/D(2) receptor occupancy profile. Antipsychotic compounds reverse the deficit in sensory gating mechanisms seen in schizophrenics.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

5.

Differential effects of the tricyclic antidepressant amoxapine on glycine uptake mediated by the recombinant GLYT1 and GLYT2 glycine transporters.

Author: NúñezE, López-CorcueraB, VázquezJ, GiménezC, AragónC

Improved glycine transporter pharmacology
Sedative and psychomotor side effects

Amoxapine, a tricyclic antidepressant, selectively inhibits the glycine transporter 2a (GLYT2a). This inhibition may contribute to the sedative and psychomotor side effects of amoxapine.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

6.

Prolactin stimulating effects of amoxapine and loxapine in psychiatric patients.

Author: RobertsonA G, BerryR, MeltzerH Y

Treats depression
Elevated prolactin levels

Amoxapine increased serum prolactin levels. This suggests that amoxapine blocks dopamine receptors at the anterior pituitary.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

8.

Amoxapine shows atypical antipsychotic effects in patients with schizophrenia: results from a prospective open-label study.

Author: ApiquianRogelio, UlloaElena, FresanAna, LoyzagaCristina, NicoliniHumberto, KapurShitij

Antipsychotic effect
Side effects

Amoxapine, marketed as an antidepressant, shares similarities with atypical antipsychotics in terms of receptor occupancy and effects in pre-clinical models. This study investigated the antipsychotic and side effect profile of amoxapine in acutely psychotic patients with schizophrenia, suggesting that amoxapine might possess atypical antipsychotic effects.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

9.

Tolerance to amoxapine antidepressant effects.

Author: ZetinM, AdenG, MoldawskyR

Amoxapine response
Pharmacological tolerance

Amoxapine was effective in treating depression initially but some patients experienced relapse unresponsive to dose adjustment, suggesting pharmacological tolerance.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

11.

Amoxapine and amitriptyline. II. Specificity of cognitive effects during brief treatment of depression.

Author: McNairD M, KahnR J, FrankenthalerL M, FaldettaL L

Depression treatment
Cognitive impairment
Side effects

Amitriptyline and amoxapine had different cognitive effects in depressed outpatients. Amitriptyline improved reaction time and immediate memory, while amoxapine slowed performance and increased intrapersonal variability on a psychomotor task. Both drugs increased pulse rate and reduced palmar sweating.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Controlled Clinical TrialA clinical trial that evaluates the effectiveness of a treatment by comparing a group that receives the intervention with a group that receives a placebo or standard treatment.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

12.

Effects of amoxapine on serotonin uptake in human blood platelets of depressed patients and normal controls.

Author: AroraR C, MeltzerH Y

Treats depression
None reported

Amoxapine was less potent than imipramine in inhibiting serotonin uptake in blood platelets from normal controls in vitro. Ex vivo studies showed that imipramine produced a mixed inhibition and amoxapine, a competitive inhibition of serotonin uptake. There was no relationship between the change in the platelet affinity for serotonin after treatment with amoxapine and clinical response.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

13.

Effects of amoxapine, a new antidepressant, on pseudoneurotic schizophrenia.

Author: AonoT, KanekoM, NumataY, TakahashiY, YamamotoT, KumashiroH

Effective for pseudoneurotic schizophrenia
Hypomanic state
Insomnia
Palpitation
Tachycardia

Amoxapine was effective in treating pseudoneurotic schizophrenia (71.4% improvement), neurosis (57.1% improvement), and schizophrenia (42.8% improvement). Side effects were mild and included insomnia, tachycardia, palpitation, and hypomanic state.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

15.

Effects of amoxapine and imipramine on evoked potentials in the Continuous Performance Test in patients with affective disorder.

Author: BuchsbaumM S, LeeS, HaierR, WuJ C, GreenM, TangS W

Enhanced brain activity
Improved CPT performance
No significant risks mentioned

Amoxapine, compared to placebo, enhanced N120 amplitude and differences in P200 between target and nontarget stimuli, leading to better CPT performance.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

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