Side Effects of amphotericin b liposomal injection: A Synthesis of Findings from 18 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Amphotericin B liposomal injection has been shown to be effective in treating a variety of fungal infections, including cutaneous leishmaniasis, endogenous Fusarium solani endophthalmitis, and mucormycosis, in several studies. 8 , 6 , 2 , 5 Liposomal formulations have been shown in several studies to have fewer side effects and allow for higher dosages than conventional deoxycholate formulations. 16 , 13 , 4 These studies have shown that amphotericin B liposomal injection is effective for treating fungal infections such as cutaneous leishmaniasis, endogenous Fusarium solani endophthalmitis, and mucormycosis.

Reasons for Side Effects

Amphotericin B liposomal injection side effects are likely due to the toxicity of amphotericin B itself and the side effects of liposomal formulations. Amphotericin B works by binding to cell membranes and increasing their permeability, which can damage cells. This can lead to damage to cells in organs such as the kidneys and liver. Liposomal formulations can also stimulate the immune system and cause allergic reactions.

Common Side Effects

Nephrotoxicity

Amphotericin B liposomal injection can cause nephrotoxicity. 17 , 14 , 4 This is because amphotericin B can damage cells in the kidneys. Symptoms of nephrotoxicity include elevated blood creatinine levels and decreased urine output.

Fever

Amphotericin B liposomal injection can cause fever. 11 , 4 This is because amphotericin B can stimulate the immune system. Fever can occur within a few hours to a few days after receiving amphotericin B liposomal injection.

Infusion Reactions

Amphotericin B liposomal injection can cause infusion reactions. 17 , 4 This is because amphotericin B can irritate blood vessels. Symptoms of infusion reactions include fever, chills, rash, and difficulty breathing.

Hepatotoxicity

Amphotericin B liposomal injection can cause hepatotoxicity. 10 This is because amphotericin B can damage cells in the liver. Symptoms of hepatotoxicity include jaundice and elevated liver function test results.

Other Side Effects

Other side effects of amphotericin B liposomal injection include nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, diarrhea, constipation, headache, dizziness, muscle pain, joint pain, and more. 9 , 1 , 12 , 18 , 3 In rare cases, serious side effects such as allergic reactions and anaphylactic shock have been reported.

Side Effect Management

Nephrotoxicity

To prevent nephrotoxicity, adequate hydration and the use of diuretics are recommended. 14 It is also important to perform renal function tests before administering amphotericin B liposomal injection to ensure that renal function is normal.

Fever

To prevent fever, it is recommended to take antipyretics before administering amphotericin B liposomal injection. 11 Consult a doctor if fever persists.

Infusion Reactions

To prevent infusion reactions, it is recommended to administer antihistamines and steroids before administering amphotericin B liposomal injection. 17 If an infusion reaction occurs, stop administering amphotericin B liposomal injection and consult a doctor.

Hepatotoxicity

To prevent hepatotoxicity, it is important to perform liver function tests before administering amphotericin B liposomal injection to ensure that liver function is normal. 10 Consult a doctor if symptoms of hepatotoxicity develop.

Other Side Effects

If other side effects occur, consult a doctor. Side effects may vary depending on the dosage and duration of amphotericin B liposomal injection.

Research Comparison

Commonalities Among Studies

Several studies have shown that amphotericin B liposomal injection is effective in treating a variety of fungal infections, including cutaneous leishmaniasis, endogenous Fusarium solani endophthalmitis, and mucormycosis. These studies also show that amphotericin B liposomal injection has fewer side effects and allows for higher dosages than conventional deoxycholate formulations.

Differences Among Studies

The effectiveness and side effects of amphotericin B liposomal injection vary depending on the disease and patient population being studied. For example, in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis, amphotericin B liposomal injection has been shown to be effective when administered topically. 9 In the treatment of mucormycosis, amphotericin B liposomal injection is recommended to be used in conjunction with other antifungal agents. 2

Points to Note for Real-Life Application

While amphotericin B liposomal injection is effective in treating a variety of fungal infections, it also carries the risk of side effects. Therefore, it is important to follow your doctor's instructions and adhere to the correct dosage and duration when using amphotericin B liposomal injection. It is also essential to undergo regular blood and urine tests during treatment with amphotericin B liposomal injection to detect side effects early. Do not self-administer or discontinue amphotericin B liposomal injection without consulting a doctor.

Limitations of Current Research

Research on amphotericin B liposomal injection is still ongoing. For example, the long-term safety and effectiveness of amphotericin B liposomal injection are still unclear, and further research is needed. Future research needs to clarify the optimal dosage and administration methods for amphotericin B liposomal injection.

Future Research Directions

Research is needed on the long-term safety and effectiveness, optimal dosage and administration methods, the occurrence of resistant strains, and strategies for combating resistant strains of amphotericin B liposomal injection.

Conclusion

Several studies have shown that amphotericin B liposomal injection is effective in treating a variety of fungal infections. However, it also carries the risk of side effects. Therefore, it is important to follow your doctor's instructions and adhere to the correct dosage and duration when using amphotericin B liposomal injection. It is also essential to undergo regular blood and urine tests during treatment with amphotericin B liposomal injection to detect side effects early. Research on amphotericin B liposomal injection is still ongoing, and further research is needed.

Literature analysis of 18 papers
Positive Content
17
Neutral Content
1
Negative Content
0
Article Type
1
0
1
7
17
1.

Separate and combined impact of acute naltrexone and alprazolam on subjective and physiological effects of oral d-amphetamine in stimulant users.

Author: MarksKatherine R, LileJoshua A, StoopsWilliam W, RushCraig R

Stimulant abuse attenuation
Side effects

Opioid antagonists (e.g., naltrexone) and GABAA receptor modulators (e.g., alprazolam) can reduce stimulant abuse, but high doses lead to side effects. This article suggests combining naltrexone and alprazolam to maximize efficacy while avoiding side effects.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

2.

Mucormycosis, Diabetes and COVID-19 Pneumonia: Unleashing the Facts.

Author: ShastriMinal, RavalDarshankumar M, PatelDirgha, PatelAastha B, ChopraAakriti, RathodVaishnavi M, DobariyaRiya, PatelNilay S, PatelNupur H, PatelApurva, GohelDevang M

Mucormycosis treatment
Electrolyte abnormalities
Renal impairment

Diabetes and COVID-19 infection are major contributors to mucormycosis (MM), an aggressive fungal infection. While antifungal treatment and early surgical intervention improve outcomes, uncontrolled diabetes, severe COVID-19 infection, and brain involvement are associated with poor outcomes.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

3.

Retrobulbar Injection of Amphotericin B in Patients With COVID-19 Associated Orbital Mucormycosis: A Systematic Review.

Author: SharifiAli, AkbariZahra, Shafie'eiMohammad, NasiriNaser, SharifiMeraj, ShafieiMohadeseh, ZandAmin

Globe salvage

This study examines the protocols, outcomes, and side effects of retrobulbar amphotericin B injections for globe salvage in patients with COVID-19-associated rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

5.

Gastric Mucormycosis in a Liver and Kidney Transplant Recipient: Case Report and Concise Review of Literature.

Author: AlfanoG, FontanaF, FrancescaD, AssiratiG, MagistriP, TarantinoG, BallarinR, RossiG, FranceschiniE, CodeluppiM, GuaraldiG, MussiniC, Di BenedettoF, CappelliG

Maintained organ function
Successful mucormycosis treatment
Gastrointestinal side effects
Graft rejection

A case of gastric mucormycosis in a liver-kidney transplant patient was successfully treated with liposomal amphotericin B and posaconazole.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

6.

Successful treatment of bilateral endogenous Fusarium solani endophthalmitis in a patient with acute lymphocytic leukaemia.

Author: RizzelloIlaria, CastagnettiFausto, ToschiPier Giorgio, BertacciniPatrizia, PrimaveraLaura, PaolucciMichela, FaccioliLuca, SpinardiLuca, LewisRussell E, CavoMichele, StanzaniMarta

Endophthalmitis treatment

A patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia developed disseminated Fusarium solani infection despite posaconazole prophylaxis. She was successfully treated with a combination of liposomal amphotericin B and voriconazole, as well as intraocular injections of voriconazole and topical amphotericin B.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

7.

Intravitreal liposomal amphotericin B for treatment of endogenous candida endophthalmitis.

Author: BaeJeong Hun, LeeSung Chul

Candida endophthalmitis treatment
Well tolerated
Toxic uveitis

A case series of four patients with endogenous candida endophthalmitis found that intravitreal liposomal amphotericin B (L-AmB) was well tolerated and effective in the treatment of endogenous candida endophthalmitis.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

8.

[Successful treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis with amphotericin B; a case of unresponsive to pentavalent antimony therapy].

Author: YeşilovaYavuz, TuranEnver, SürücüHacer Altın, AksoyMustafa, ÖzbilginAhmet

CL treatment
Local side effects

This study presents a successful treatment with systemic liposomal amphotericin B of a cutaneous leishmaniasis case that developed local side effects related to both systemic and intralesional meglumine antimonate treatment.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : Turkish

9.

Efficacy of Topical Liposomal Amphotericin B versus Intralesional Meglumine Antimoniate (Glucantime) in the Treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis.

Author: LayeghPouran, RajabiOmid, JafariMahmoud Reza, Emamgholi Tabar MalekshahParisa, MoghimanToktam, AshrafHami, SalariRoshanak

Cutaneous leishmaniasis treatment

Topical liposomal amphotericin B was found to be as efficacious as intralesional glucantime in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis in a randomized study of 110 patients. Both treatments were well-tolerated.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

10.

Drug delivery strategies for therapy of visceral leishmaniasis.

Author: GuptaSwati, PalAjay, VyasSuresh P

Drug delivery
Reduced side effects
Drug resistance
Leishmaniasis
Toxic side effects

This study reviews the challenges of treating visceral leishmaniasis (VL), a potentially fatal disease, and explores the potential of colloidal carriers as drug delivery systems (DDSs) for antileishmanial compounds. While AmBisome is the only DDS currently used for VL, research continues to seek better solutions.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

13.

Lipid formulation as a drug carrier for drug delivery.

Author: TomiiYoshifumi

Reduced toxicity of AMPH-B

This study discusses the use of lipid nanospheres (LNS) as a novel drug delivery system for amphotericin B (AmB), an antifungal agent. LNS can improve AmB's efficacy and reduce its toxicity. The study highlights LNS's ability to deliver high drug concentrations while minimizing uptake by the reticuloendothelial system, a major challenge with other lipid formulations.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

14.

Drug delivery system of anti-fungal and parasitic agents.

Author: MaesakiShigefumi

Lowered nephrotoxicity of AMPH-B

This study discusses the challenges and advancements in treating systemic mycoses. Amphotericin B is widely used, but its nephrotoxicity limits its clinical use. Newer formulations, including liposomal amphotericin B and amphotericin B lipid complexes, offer improved efficacy and reduced toxicity. Lipid nanosphere-encapsulated amphotericin B is being investigated as a potential new formulation.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

15.

The novel lipid delivery system of amphotericin B: drug profile and relevance to clinical practice.

Author: RustD M, JamesonG

Lipid AmB preparations well tolerated
Chills and fever

Lipid-based amphotericin B preparations are well-tolerated treatments for fungal infections, with advantages over conventional amphotericin B. Nurses should focus on staff and patient education, including management of side effects and toxicities.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

17.

[Pulmonary invasive aspergillosis: value of treatment with intravenous amphotericin B administered in a triglyceride emulsion for parenteral usage].

Author: AndrèsE, LimacherJ M, BergeratJ P

Good therapeutic efficiency
Mild toxicity
Chills
Fever
Myelosuppression
Renal failure

A continuous infusion of amphotericin B diluted in Intralipid was an effective treatment for pulmonary invasive aspergillosis, with mild toxicity compared to intravenous infusions.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : French

18.

Orally effective drugs for kala-azar (visceral leishmaniasis): focus on miltefosine and sitamaquine.

Author: SangraulaH, SharmaK K, RijalS, DwivediS, KoiralaS

Cure kala-azar
Oral treatment
GI side effects

Currently, there are no effective oral treatments for visceral leishmaniasis, a parasitic disease affecting about 0.5 million people annually. Miltefosine, originally developed as an antitumor agent, has shown promise as an oral treatment for visceral leishmaniasis. Sitamaquine, an 8-aminoquinoline, is another potential oral treatment for visceral leishmaniasis.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

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