Side Effects of aprepitant: A Synthesis of Findings from 23 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Main Research Findings

Aprepitant is a drug widely used for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). Aprepitant is an antagonist of the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R), and by inhibiting the action of the neurotransmitter substance P, it suppresses CINV. 9 , 19 . Aprepitant has also been shown to have a protective effect against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. 21 . Aprepitant can be administered not only orally but also intravenously, and it has been reported that administration as a lipid emulsion improves bioavailability. 7 . Furthermore, aprepitant has been suggested to have an effect that suppresses the growth and metastasis of osteosarcoma. 6 .

Reasons for Side Effects

Aprepitant is an NK1R antagonist, so it inhibits signal transduction mediated by NK1R. NK1R is expressed in various tissues and is involved in various physiological actions, such as nervous system function, inflammatory response, digestive system function, and immune system function. Therefore, aprepitant may affect these actions and cause various side effects. 6 .

Common Side Effects

Fatigue

Fatigue has been reported as a side effect of aprepitant. 16 , 19 .

Constipation

Constipation has been reported as a side effect of aprepitant. 16 .

Elevated Liver Enzymes

Elevated liver enzymes have been reported as a side effect of aprepitant. 21 .

Side Effects Countermeasures

Fatigue

If you are concerned about fatigue, consult your doctor. If necessary, make sure you get enough rest.

Constipation

If you are concerned about constipation, consult your doctor. If necessary, get advice on dietary therapy or exercise therapy.

Elevated Liver Enzymes

If you are concerned about elevated liver enzymes, consult your doctor. If necessary, get tested.

Comparison Between Studies

Commonalities in Studies

Many studies have shown that aprepitant is effective in preventing CINV. Aprepitant has also been shown to have a protective effect against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity.

Differences in Studies

The method and dosage of aprepitant administration vary depending on the study. The effects and side effects of aprepitant may also differ depending on the study.

Precautions for Application in Real Life

Aprepitant is an effective drug for preventing CINV, but there is a risk of side effects. When taking aprepitant, consult your doctor and take it as directed.

Limitations of Current Research

There is not enough research on the long-term safety of aprepitant. Further research is also needed on the possibility of aprepitant interacting with other drugs.

Future Research Directions

Further research is needed on the long-term safety of aprepitant and its interactions with other drugs. Research is also needed on ways to enhance the efficacy of aprepitant and reduce side effects.

Conclusion

Aprepitant is an effective drug for preventing CINV. However, there is a risk of side effects. When taking aprepitant, consult your doctor and take it as directed. Further research is needed on the safety and efficacy of aprepitant.

Literature analysis of 23 papers
Positive Content
19
Neutral Content
1
Negative Content
3
Article Type
3
3
3
3
23
1.

Measurement of side effects of drugs.

Author: HuskissonE C, WojtulewskiJ A

Check list interference

Using a check list to collect side effects in a clinical trial may interfere with the reporting of known and unknown symptoms.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

2.

Anti-platelet effects of 100 mg alternate day oral aspirin: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of regular and enteric coated formulations in men and women.

Author: RidkerP M, HennekensC H, ToflerG H, LipinskaI, BuringJ E

Cardiovascular benefit
Reduced gastrointestinal symptoms

Further research is needed to determine the optimal dose of aspirin to produce a cardiovascular benefit while minimizing side effects, particularly in women.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

8.

Cisplatin-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Effect of Herbal Medicines.

Author: ShinYuchan, KimBonglee, KimWoojin

Reduced nausea
Reduced vomiting
None reported

This review summarizes the effects of various herbal extracts and ginger sub-components on cisplatin-induced nausea and vomiting, a common side effect of this chemotherapeutic agent. While further research is needed, the review suggests that herbal medicine might be a viable treatment option for cisplatin-induced nausea and vomiting.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

9.

Overestimation of the effect of (fos)aprepitant on intravenous dexamethasone pharmacokinetics requires adaptation of the guidelines for children with chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.

Author: NijstadA Laura, de Vos-KerkhofEvelien, Enters-WeijnenCatherine F, van de WeteringMarianne D, TissingWim J E, TibbenMatthijs M, RosingHilde, LalmohamedArief, HuitemaAlwin D R, ZwaanC Michel

CINV treatment
Drug-drug interactions

This study investigates the effect of aprepitant on dexamethasone clearance in children with cancer who are receiving chemotherapy. It aims to determine if dexamethasone dose reduction is necessary when combined with aprepitant to manage chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

12.

A retrospective study on chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in highly/moderately emetogenic chemotherapy: incidence and prescribing practice.

Author: BadarudinNurul Suhaida, Mohamed ShahNoraida, Mohd KassimKamarun Neasa Begam, IsmailFuad, IslahudinFarida, Mohd TahirNurul Ain, YusakSuhana

CINV prevention

This study describes the incidence of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in patients receiving highly and moderately emetogenic chemotherapy, aiming to assess the prescribing patterns of CINV prophylaxis and identify areas for improvement.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

14.

Clinical Observation of Gene Polymorphism of Olanzapine or Aprepitant in Prevention of CINV.

Author: JinYilan, JinGaowa, ZhaoJun, JiangCaihong, ZhaoLanzhen, JiangYing, ChenFeng, LiHui, WangWenjuan, WuYungaowa, LiuGuang, LiXiaorong, GuMin, LiXiaomei, LiQuanfu

Nausea
Vomiting

This study investigates the correlation between gene polymorphisms of ABCB1, GTF2E1, COMT, and DRD2 and the control of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) by olanzapine or aprepitant in a Chinese population receiving fractionated cisplatin.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

15.

Drugs for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults after general anesthesia: An abridged Cochrane network meta-analysis.

Author: WeibelStephanie, PaceNathan L, SchaeferMaximilian S, RajDiana, SchlesingerTobias, MeybohmPatrick, KienbaumPeter, EberhartLeopold H J, KrankePeter

Nausea treatment
Vomiting treatment

This abridged version summarizes the findings of a large Cochrane review on antiemetic drugs.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

16.

Drugs for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults after general anaesthesia: an abridged Cochrane network meta-analysis.

Author: WeibelS, SchaeferM S, RajD, RückerG, PaceN L, SchlesingerT, MeybohmP, KienbaumP, EberhartL H J, KrankeP

Postoperative nausea prevention
Postoperative vomiting prevention
Adverse events
Side effects

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common adverse effect of anesthesia. This systematic review with network meta-analyses compared and ranked the efficacy and safety of various anti-emetic drugs and combinations for PONV prevention in adults after general anesthesia. The review found that combinations of drugs were generally more effective than single drugs, with single neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists showing comparable efficacy.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

17.

Addition of aprepitant improves acute emesis control in children and adolescents receiving induction chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukaemia: a randomised, open-label trial.

Author: SharmaAtul, GangulyShuvadeep, CSantosh Kumar, PillaiAshwati S, DhawanDeepa, SreenivasVishnubhatla, BakhshiSameer

Reduced emesis
None reported

Aprepitant, in addition to ondansetron, significantly improved emesis control in children receiving induction therapy for acute myeloid leukemia, especially in the acute phase.

Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

18.

Drugs for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults after general anaesthesia: a network meta-analysis.

Author: WeibelStephanie, RückerGerta, EberhartLeopold Hj, PaceNathan L, HartlHannah M, JordanOlivia L, MayerDebora, RiemerManuel, SchaeferMaximilian S, RajDiana, BackhausInsa, HelfAntonia, SchlesingerTobias, KienbaumPeter, KrankePeter

Reduced PONV

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common adverse effect of anesthesia and surgery affecting up to 80% of patients. While various antiemetic drugs are available, further research is needed to determine the most effective drugs with the fewest side effects.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

22.

A modified olanzapine-based anti-emetic regimen for the control of nausea and vomiting in patients receiving weekly cisplatin.

Author: MehraNikita, ChristopherVasanth, DhanushkodiManikandan, RadhakrishnanVenkatraman, GanesanTrivadi S, GanesharajahSelvaluxmy, SagarTenali Gnana, GanesanPrasanth

Effective antiemetic
Low toxicity
Drowsiness

This study assessed the control of nausea and vomiting with a modified olanzapine-based antiemetic regimen in patients with carcinoma of the cervix receiving weekly cisplatin concurrent with pelvic radiotherapy. The modified regimen was effective and well-tolerated.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

23.

Evaluation of the antileukemic effects of neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists, aprepitant, and L-733,060, in chronic and acute myeloid leukemic cells.

Author: DikmenMiriş, GökhanerGökhan, CantürkZerrin

Leukemia treatment

This study compared the antileukemic effects of aprepitant and L-733,060, two neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R) antagonists, on acute and chronic myeloid leukemic cells. Both drugs exhibited significant antiproliferative effects, suggesting potential therapeutic value for these types of leukemia.

Evaluation StudyResearch that systematically evaluates the effectiveness of a particular program or policy. It measures its outcomes and provides important information for future decision-making.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

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