Side Effects of cisplatin injection: A Synthesis of Findings from 27 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Cisplatin is an effective chemotherapeutic agent used to treat a wide range of cancers, but it has been reported to cause a number of serious side effects, such as nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, hearing loss, muscle wasting, nausea and vomiting, and liver damage. 26 , 18 , 7 , 12 , 5 , 16 , 19 , 9 , 15 , 21 , 20 , 2 These studies suggest that these side effects are caused by increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the body and the promotion of cell death (apoptosis). 26 , 18 , 7 , 12 , 5 , 16 , 19 , 9 , 15 , 21 , 20 , 2 .

Reasons for side effects

Cisplatin's side effects are thought to be caused by the following reasons.

  • Increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS): Cisplatin, when introduced into the body, generates reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS can damage cell membranes and DNA, promoting cell death (apoptosis).
  • Promotion of cell death (apoptosis): Cisplatin promotes cell death (apoptosis). Apoptosis is a programmed cell death that plays an important role in the normal death of cells. However, if apoptosis is excessively induced by cisplatin, it can lead to organ dysfunction.
  • Promotion of inflammation: Cisplatin promotes inflammation as a result of cell death. While inflammation is a natural defense mechanism of the body, excessive inflammation can lead to tissue damage and dysfunction.

Common Side Effects

Nephrotoxicity

The most common side effect of cisplatin is nephrotoxicity. 26 , 18 , 7 , 12 , 15 , 21 , 20 , 9 , 19 , 2 Cisplatin damages kidney cells, impairing kidney function. Nephrotoxicity can manifest as elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels, reduced urine output, and edema. In severe cases, dialysis may be required.

Nausea and Vomiting

Cisplatin often causes nausea and vomiting. 23 , 27 , 13 , 25 , 8 Cisplatin affects the nerves in the digestive system, causing nausea and vomiting. Nausea and vomiting can occur immediately after cisplatin administration, but can also occur several days later. Nausea and vomiting can significantly reduce quality of life.

Neurotoxicity

Cisplatin has been reported to exhibit neurotoxicity. 7 , 5 , 11 Cisplatin damages peripheral nerves, causing symptoms such as numbness and pain. Neurotoxicity often appears in the palms and soles of the feet, but can also occur in other areas. Neurotoxicity can occur immediately after cisplatin administration or months later.

Hearing Loss

Cisplatin has been reported to cause hearing loss. 18 Cisplatin damages cells in the inner ear, causing symptoms such as hearing loss and tinnitus. Hearing loss can occur immediately after cisplatin administration or months later.

Liver Toxicity

Cisplatin has been reported to exhibit liver toxicity. 16 , 3 Cisplatin damages liver cells, impairing liver function. Liver toxicity can manifest as symptoms such as jaundice and abdominal pain.

Other Side Effects

In addition to the above side effects, cisplatin can also cause the following.

  • Hair loss
  • Anemia
  • Gastrointestinal disorders
  • Allergic reactions
  • Myelosuppression
  • Lung toxicity
  • Cardiotoxicity

Countermeasures for Side Effects

Nephrotoxicity

To prevent nephrotoxicity, it is important to stay adequately hydrated before cisplatin administration. 22 During cisplatin administration, kidney function should be monitored regularly, and dosage should be adjusted or administration should be discontinued as necessary.

Nausea and Vomiting

Nausea and vomiting can be prevented by administering antiemetics. 23 , 13 , 25 Antiemetics include drugs such as ondansetron and metoclopramide. Nausea and vomiting can also be alleviated through methods such as dietary and exercise therapy.

Neurotoxicity

To prevent neurotoxicity, taking vitamin B complex before cisplatin administration is recommended. 11 If symptoms of neurotoxicity appear, appropriate drug therapy and rehabilitation are needed.

Hearing Loss

To prevent hearing loss, administering steroids before cisplatin administration is recommended. 18 If symptoms of hearing loss appear, appropriate treatment such as hearing aids and cochlear implants is needed.

Liver Toxicity

To prevent liver toxicity, liver function should be tested before cisplatin administration, and dosage should be adjusted or administration should be discontinued as necessary. 16 If symptoms of liver toxicity appear, appropriate drug therapy is needed.

Comparison Between Studies

Commonalities Between Studies

These studies have in common the indication that cisplatin administration can cause side effects such as nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, nausea and vomiting, hearing loss, and liver toxicity.

Differences Between Studies

These studies show that the severity, frequency, and mechanism of side effects caused by cisplatin administration vary depending on the study. This is thought to be due to differences in the study animals, dosages, and administration methods.

Important Notes on Application to Daily Life

Cisplatin is an effective drug for the treatment of cancer, but it also carries the risk of side effects. When taking cisplatin, be sure to consult with a doctor and understand the risks and benefits of the drug before taking it. It is also important to have regular checkups and follow your doctor's instructions while taking cisplatin.

Limitations of Current Research

These studies have not yet fully elucidated the mechanisms and preventive measures for the side effects caused by cisplatin administration. Therefore, further research is needed.

Future Directions for Research

New treatments and preventive measures are needed to reduce the side effects of cisplatin administration. In particular, it is important to thoroughly elucidate the mechanisms underlying the side effects.

Conclusion

Cisplatin is an effective drug for treating cancer, but it can cause side effects such as nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and nausea and vomiting. It is important to understand the risks and benefits of cisplatin before taking it. You should also follow your doctor's instructions and have regular checkups while taking cisplatin. These studies provide important information to help you understand cisplatin-related side effects and ensure safe treatment.

Literature analysis of 27 papers
Positive Content
24
Neutral Content
2
Negative Content
1
Article Type
2
0
1
1
27
1.

Clomiphene citrate for unexplained subfertility in women.

Author: HughesE, CollinsJ, VandekerckhoveP

Subfertility treatment
Headaches
Hot flashes
Mood swings
Multiple pregnancy
Ovarian cancer
Visual disturbances

Clomiphene citrate is effective in treating sub-fertility associated with oligo-ovulation. However, it is associated with an elevated multiple pregnancy rate of approximately 10%. Other side effects include hot flashes, mood swings, headaches, and visual disturbances. The potential for increased ovarian cancer risk is a concern.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

2.

Asiatic acid alleviates cisplatin-induced renal fibrosis in tumor-bearing mice by improving the TFEB-mediated autophagy-lysosome pathway.

Author: ChenXiao-Cui, HuangLi-Feng, TangJi-Xin, WuDan, AnNing, YeZhen-Nan, LanHui-Yao, LiuHua-Feng, YangChen

Anti-tumor effect enhancement
Autophagy-lysosome pathway improvement
Renal fibrosis reduction

This study investigated the reno-protective effect and mechanism of asiatic acid (AA) in long-term cisplatin-treated nude mice suffering from tumors.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

3.

A silica-calcium-phosphate nanocomposite drug delivery system for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: in vivo study.

Author: SwetJacob H, PachecoHernando J, IannittiDavid A, El-GhanamAhmed, McKillopIain H

Localized cisplatin treatment
Reduced toxicity

A silica-calcium-phosphate nanocomposite drug delivery system (DDS) effectively localized cisplatin treatment within a tumor, reducing systemic toxicity in a rat model of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

5.

The antiapoptotic and antioxidant effects of eugenol against cisplatin-induced testicular damage in the experimental model.

Author: Ekinci AkdemirFazile N, YildirimSerkan, KandemirFatih M, AksuEmrah H, GulerMustafa C, Kiziltunc OzmenHilal, KucuklerSefa, EserGizem

Apoptosis reduction
Eugenol therapeutic effect
Oxidative stress reduction
Cisplatin toxicity
Testicular damage

This study investigated the protective effect of eugenol against cisplatin-induced testicular damage in rats. Eugenol was found to reduce oxidative stress and apoptosis, improving testicular tissue damage caused by cisplatin.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

9.

Protective effects of apocynin against cisplatin-induced oxidative stress and nephrotoxicity.

Author: ChirinoYolanda I, Sánchez-GonzálezDolores Javier, Martínez-MartínezClaudia Maria, CruzCristino, Pedraza-ChaverriJosé

Cisplatin nephrotoxicity prevention

This study investigated whether NADPH oxidase is involved in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Apocynin, a NADPH oxidase inhibitor, was found to ameliorate renal damage and oxidative stress induced by cisplatin in rats.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

11.

Efficacy of a topical gabapentin gel in a cisplatin paradigm of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy.

Author: ShahidMuhammad, SubhanFazal, AhmadNisar, SewellRobert D E

Safer neuropathic pain treatment
Central side effects

Topical gabapentin may provide a relatively safe alternative for neuropathic pain treatment in general and CIPN in particular.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

13.

Comparison of ondansetron with metoclopramide in prevention of acute emesis associated with low dose & high dose cisplatin chemotherapy.

Author: BhatiaAshima, TripathiK D, SharmaManoj

Reduced nausea and vomiting
Mild adverse effects

Ondansetron was more effective than metoclopramide in preventing nausea and vomiting caused by cisplatin chemotherapy, especially at high doses. Dexamethasone increased the effectiveness of metoclopramide but not ondansetron. The combination of metoclopramide and dexamethasone was as effective as ondansetron alone.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

15.

Cisplatin nephrotoxicity is induced via poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activation in adult zebrafish and mice.

Author: KimMyoung-Jin, MoonDaeun, JungSumi, LeeJehee, KimJinu

Cancer treatment
Kidney injury

Cisplatin, a chemotherapy drug, can cause nephrotoxic acute kidney injury. This study developed a novel zebrafish model of cisplatin nephrotoxicity and showed that pharmacological inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) with PJ 34 hydrochloride (PJ34) or 3-aminobenzamide ameliorated kidney damage.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.Research funding provided by US government agencies other than the Public Health Service.

Language : English

16.

Silymarin ameliorates cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity in rats: histopathological and ultrastructural studies.

Author: AbdelmeguidN E, ChmaisseH N, Abou ZeinabN S

Hepatotoxicity treatment

Silymarin, a plant extract with antioxidant properties, was found to protect against cisplatin-induced liver toxicity in rats.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

17.

Synthesis, characterization, and in vivo evaluation of poly(ethylene oxide-co-glycidol)-platinate conjugate.

Author: ZhouPing, LiZhongyu, ChauYing

Anticancer treatment
Side effects

Poly(EO-co-Gly) is a new biocompatible material that can be used as a drug carrier. Poly(EO-co-Gly)-platinate, a polymer-drug conjugate of poly(EO-co-Gly) and cisplatin, was shown to be effective in treating cancer in mice.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

19.

Superoxide anion production and expression of gp91(phox) and p47(phox) are increased in glomeruli and proximal tubules of cisplatin-treated rats.

Author: TrujilloJoyce, Molina-JijónEduardo, Medina-CamposOmar Noel, Rodríguez-MuñozRafael, ReyesJosé Luis, BarreraDiana, Pedraza-ChaverriJosé

Nephrotoxicity

Cisplatin, a chemotherapy drug, can cause kidney damage (nephrotoxicity). This study found that cisplatin increased the production of superoxide anion, a type of reactive oxygen species, in the glomeruli and proximal tubules of rat kidneys. This effect was prevented by diphenylene iodonium, an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase, suggesting that NADPH oxidase is involved in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

20.

Pre-incubation with hucMSC-exosomes prevents cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by activating autophagy.

Author: WangBingying, JiaHaoyuan, ZhangBin, WangJuanjuan, JiCheng, ZhuXueming, YanYongmin, YinLei, YuJing, QianHui, XuWenrong

Prevents Nephrotoxicity

Cisplatin's nephrotoxicity limits its use. This study investigated the preventative effect of human umbilical cord MSC-derived exosomes (hucMSC-Ex) on cisplatin-induced renal toxicity. The results demonstrate that hucMSC-Ex pretreatment can prevent renal toxicity by activating autophagy.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

23.

[Effects of intravenous and oral administration of ondansetron hydrochloride on chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in patients with esophageal cancer].

Author: MiyashitaM, OndaM, IkedaK, BandoK, HagiwaraN, TsuchiyaY, YoshiyukiT, KiyamaT, SaitoT, SasajimaK, YamashitaK

Inhibit nausea and vomiting
Increased LDH
Increased bilirubin

Ondansetron hydrochloride was effective in controlling nausea and vomiting induced by cisplatin chemotherapy in patients with advanced esophageal cancer.

English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : Japanese

24.

Antioxidant action of bixin against cisplatin-induced chromosome aberrations and lipid peroxidation in rats.

Author: SilvaC R, AntunesL M, BianchiM L

Cisplatin-induced oxidative stress reduction
Chromosome aberrations
Nephrotoxicity

This study evaluated the protective effect of the carotenoid bixin on cisplatin-induced oxidative stress in rats. Bixin reduced cisplatin-induced chromosome aberrations, lipid peroxidation, and renal glutathione depletion.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

25.

[Effect of medical vagotomy on the CDDP induced nausea and vomiting evaluated by the chemotherapy-vomiting time (CV time)].

Author: ChenJ T, HiraiY, YagiH, KataseK, ShimizuY, NakayamaK, TeshimaH, HamadaT, FujimotoI, YamuchiK

Antiemetic
Dimness of vision
Hypotension

Medical vagotomy, using atropine and hexamethonium bromide, significantly reduced acute cisplatin-induced emesis in patients receiving chemotherapy. The treatment was well tolerated with mild side effects.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : Japanese

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