Effective treatment of hantavirus infections: A Synthesis of Findings from 31 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Key Research Findings

Hantaviruses are a group of viruses spread by rodents that can cause serious illness in humans. There are two main types of hantavirus infection: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS). HFRS is more common in Eurasia, while HCPS is more common in the Americas. There is currently no FDA-approved specific treatment or vaccine for hantavirus infections. 2 These studies provide new insights into the pathogenesis, immune responses, treatment options, and prevention possibilities for hantavirus infections.

Hantavirus infections are characterized by increased vascular permeability, which can lead to severe illness. 3 Hantaviruses infect endothelial cells, which line blood vessels, and this can affect multiple organs. This increased vascular permeability is a key factor in the development of disease. 3

Some studies suggest that an excessive inflammatory response plays a significant role in hantavirus disease. 2 Additionally, the role of the cellular immune response in clearing the virus or contributing to the disease process is not fully understood. 2

Several studies have highlighted the importance of neutralizing antibodies for recovery from hantavirus infection. 5 One study focused on a human monoclonal antibody called SNV-42, which was isolated from a memory B cell from a person who had previously been infected with Sin Nombre virus (SNV). SNV-42 targets the Gn subunit of the tetrameric (Gn-Gc)4 glycoprotein assembly, which is essential for the virus to enter cells. 5

While there is currently no effective treatment for hantavirus infections, several studies have shown promise for antibody-based therapies. 6 7 14 10 For example, monoclonal antibodies JL16 and MIB22, which recognize and neutralize the glycoprotein of Andes virus (ANDV), were able to completely protect animals in a lethal hamster model of ANDV-induced HCPS. 14 This suggests that these antibodies could be effective post-exposure treatments for patients infected with ANDV-induced HCPS. 14

Ribavirin, a drug known for its antiviral activity against hepatitis C, has shown promising results against Old World hantaviruses, particularly Hantaan virus. 16 Studies have also demonstrated the effectiveness of ribavirin against Andes virus (ANDV), both in vitro and in vivo. 31 Ribavirin has been shown to reduce viral RNA and protein in infected cells and significantly reduce the severity of disease in animal models. 31

Treatment Summary

Several studies have shown that antibody-based therapies may be effective treatments for hantavirus infections. 6 7 14 10 Additionally, ribavirin has shown antiviral activity against hantaviruses. 16 31

Benefits and Risks

Benefit Summary

Antibody-based therapies for hantavirus infections have the potential to improve survival rates. 6 7 14 10 Ribavirin has shown antiviral activity against hantaviruses and may be beneficial in treating infections. 16 31

Risk Summary

The safety of antibody-based therapies for hantavirus infections is still under investigation. 6 7 14 10 Ribavirin can cause side effects. 16 31

Comparison of Studies

Similarities

These studies explore the potential of antibody-based therapies and ribavirin for treating hantavirus infections.

Differences

These studies differ in the specific antibodies used, the administration methods for ribavirin, and the hantavirus species targeted.

Consistency and Contradictions in Findings

These studies indicate that antibody-based therapies and ribavirin may be effective treatments for hantavirus infections. However, further research is needed to confirm the safety and efficacy of these treatments.

Considerations for Real-World Applications

Hantavirus infections are spread through contact with rodents. Avoiding contact with rodents is crucial for preventing hantavirus infections. If you experience symptoms of hantavirus infection, seek medical attention immediately.

Limitations of Current Research

These studies have limitations, such as small sample sizes and limited data on the long-term effectiveness and safety of antibody-based therapies and ribavirin.

Future Research Directions

Further research is needed to investigate the effectiveness and safety of antibody-based therapies and ribavirin for treating hantavirus infections. Large-scale clinical trials are required to assess the benefits and risks of these treatments.

Conclusion

These studies provide promising leads for the development of new treatments for hantavirus infections. However, further research is crucial to confirm the safety and efficacy of these treatments. The best way to prevent hantavirus infections is to avoid contact with rodents.

Treatment List

  • Antibody-based therapies
  • Ribavirin
Literature analysis of 31 papers
Positive Content
21
Neutral Content
3
Negative Content
7
Article Type
0
1
1
10
30
1.

Assessment of the use of vitamin C and E supplements concomitantly to antibiotic treatment against Helicobacter pylori: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: Caicedo OchoaEdgar Yaset, Quintero MorenoCésar Orlando, Méndez FandiñoYardany Rafael, Sánchez FonsecaSofía Catalina, Cortes MottaHéctor Fabio, Guio GuerraSantiago Alejandro

Antibiotic treatment
No effect
Study biases

Supplementation with vitamin C and E in the antibiotic treatment against Helicobacter pylori had no effect on eradication rates.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

2.

Immune response during hantavirus diseases: implications for immunotherapies and vaccine design.

Author: SaavedraFarides, DíazFabián E, Retamal-DíazAngello, CoviánCamila, GonzálezPablo A, KalergisAlexis M

Haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome
Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome

This article discusses recent findings relative to the immune responses elicited to hantaviruses in subjects suffering from hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) or hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS). It highlights the similarities and differences between these two clinical diseases.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

3.

Hantavirus in humans: a review of clinical aspects and management.

Author: VialPablo A, FerrésMarcela, VialCecilia, KlingströmJonas, AhlmClas, LópezRené, Le CorreNicole, MertzGregory J

Cardiopulmonary syndrome
Hemorrhagic fever

This review provides information on hantavirus infections, a group of viral haemorrhagic fevers with global distribution. Transmission to humans occurs through exposure to infected rodents, and Andes hantavirus can also be transmitted from person to person. Early clinical suspicion, rapid diagnostic testing, and prompt transfer to critical care units are crucial for improving clinical outcomes.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

4.

Hantavirus Replication Cycle-An Updated Structural Virology Perspective.

Author: MeierKristina, ThorkelssonSigurdur R, QueminEmmanuelle R J, RosenthalMaria

Hantavirus infection
Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome

This review provides an update on the hantavirus replication cycle, focusing on structural virology aspects. Hantaviruses are zoonotic viruses that can cause severe disease in humans, but there are no approved vaccines or antiviral treatments available. Structural biology studies have advanced our understanding of virus entry and genome encapsidation.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

5.

Mechanistic basis for potent neutralization of Sin Nombre hantavirus by a human monoclonal antibody.

Author: StassRobert, EngdahlTaylor B, ChapmanNathaniel S, WoltersRachael M, HandalLaura S, DiazSummer M, CroweJames E, BowdenThomas A

Neutralizing antibody response
Hantavirus infection

This study characterized a highly neutralizing human monoclonal antibody (SNV-42) against Sin Nombre virus (SNV), a rodent-borne hantavirus. Crystallographic analysis revealed that SNV-42 targets the Gn subcomponent of the viral glycoprotein assembly, preventing both receptor recognition and fusion during host-cell entry.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

6.

Therapeutic Efficacy of Human Monoclonal Antibodies against Andes Virus Infection in Syrian Hamsters.

Author: WilliamsonBrandi N, PrescottJoseph, GarridoJose L, AlvarezRaymond A, FeldmannHeinz, BarríaMaria I

Andes virus treatment
Monoclonal antibody protection

A combined treatment with two monoclonal antibodies was found to protect Syrian hamsters from Andes virus infection when administered in the mid- or late-stages of the disease.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, N.I.H., IntramuralFunding provided by the NIH for research projects within the NIH.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

7.

Polyclonal alpaca antibodies protect against hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in a lethal Syrian hamster model.

Author: SrogaPatrycja, SloanAngela, WarnerBryce M, TierneyKevin, LewJocelyne, LiuGuodong, ChanMichael, DeschambaultYvon, SteinDerek R, SouleGeoff, BanadygaLogan, FalzaranoDarryl, SafronetzDavid

HPS protection

This study evaluated the use of camelid-based IgG antibodies to prevent lethal hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in Syrian hamsters. Post-exposure treatment with purified, polyclonal IgG antibodies effectively reduced viral burdens and protected animals from disease.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

10.

Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibodies against the Gn and the Gc of the Andes Virus Glycoprotein Spike Complex Protect from Virus Challenge in a Preclinical Hamster Model.

Author: DuehrJames, McMahonMeagan, WilliamsonBrandi, AmanatFatima, DurbinAlan, HawmanDavid W, NoackDanny, UhlSkyler, TanGene S, FeldmannHeinz, KrammerFlorian

Hantavirus prevention
Hantavirus treatment

Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) is a severe and potentially fatal disease. There is currently no treatment or vaccine available. This study generated 19 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the glycoprotein complex of Andes virus (ANDV), the causative agent of the Epuyén outbreak in Argentina. Twelve MAbs showed potent neutralization activity, and four of these MAbs provided 100% protection against lethality in a hamster model of ANDV infection. These data suggest the potential to develop neutralizing antibodies as therapeutics against hantaviral disease.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, N.I.H., IntramuralFunding provided by the NIH for research projects within the NIH.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

11.

Neutralizing Antibody Titers in Hospitalized Patients with Acute Puumala Orthohantavirus Infection Do Not Associate with Disease Severity.

Author: Iheozor-EjioforRommel, VapalahtiKatariina, SironenTarja, LevanovLev, HepojokiJussi, LundkvistÅke, MäkeläSatu, VaheriAntti, MustonenJukka, PlyusninAlexander, StrandinTomas M, VapalahtiOlli

Nephropathia epidemica (NE) is a mild form of hantavirus infection that typically causes acute kidney injury. While most patients have neutralizing antibodies when they are hospitalized, further research is needed to determine if these antibodies can be used as a therapy.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

12.

Platelet Count in Patients with Mild Disease at Admission is Associated with Progression to Severe Hantavirus Cardiopulmonary Syndrome.

Author: LópezRené, VialCecilia, GrafJerónimo, CalvoMario, FerrésMarcela, MertzGregory, CuizaAnalía, AgüeroBegonia, AguileraDante, ArayaDiego, PailamillaIgnacia, ParatoriFlavia, Torres-TorresVíctor, VialPablo A,

HCPS prediction

This study aims to identify a simple variable that can predict the progression from mild to severe Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) in patients with mild disease at admission. This is crucial for early intervention and potentially improving the high mortality rate associated with HCPS.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Observational StudyResearch that observes and collects data on participants' behavior and outcomes in their natural state, without intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

14.

Two recombinant human monoclonal antibodies that protect against lethal Andes hantavirus infection in vivo.

Author: GarridoJose L, PrescottJoseph, CalvoMario, BravoFelipe, AlvarezRaymond, SalasAlexis, RiquelmeRaul, RiosecoMaria L, WilliamsonBrandi N, HaddockElaine, FeldmannHeinz, BarriaMaria I

HCPS treatment

Two monoclonal antibodies, JL16 and MIB22, were isolated that can effectively neutralize Andes hantavirus (ANDV). Both antibodies protected 100% of Syrian hamsters from a lethal challenge dose of ANDV.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., IntramuralFunding provided by the NIH for research projects within the NIH.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

15.

Falsely positive anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies in a patient with hantavirus induced acute kidney injury - a case report.

Author: ZijlstraH W, MulderA H L, GeeraedtsF, VisserF

Treatment dilemma

This case report highlights the dilemma of treatment initiation in Hantavirus infection due to the delay in serological testing.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

16.

Use of ribavirin in viruses other than hepatitis C. A review of the evidence.

Author: Ramírez-OlivenciaGerman, EstébanezMiriam, MembrilloFrancisco Javier, YbarraMaria Del Carmen

Antiviral activity

Ribavirin is a drug with antiviral activity against several viruses. It is primarily used to treat hepatitis C, but it may also be beneficial in treating haemorrhagic fevers and coronaviruses. It can be administered orally, intravenously, or inhaled.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

17.

Hantavirus induced cardiopulmonary syndrome: A public health concern.

Author: LlahSibghat T, MirSheema, SharifSumaiya, KhanSalman, MirMohammed A

Hantavirus diagnosis
Hantavirus treatment
Hantavirus infection

This review provides information for clinicians to help in the correct diagnosis and management of hantavirus induced cardiopulmonary syndrome.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

18.

Hantavirus Gc induces long-term immune protection via LAMP-targeting DNA vaccine strategy.

Author: JiangDong-Bo, ZhangJin-Peng, ChengLin-Feng, ZhangGuan-Wen, LiYun, LiZi-Chao, LuZhen-Hua, ZhangZi-Xin, LuYu-Chen, ZhengLian-He, ZhangFang-Lin, YangKun

Long-term immunity
Pan-epitope reaction
HFRS infection

This study investigated the effectiveness of a lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1)-targeting strategy using a DNA vaccine based on the hantaan virus (HTNV) glycoprotein Gc. The results suggest that this strategy may induce long-term protective immune responses.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

19.

Acute hantavirus infection presenting as haemolytic-uraemic syndrome (HUS): the importance of early clinical diagnosis.

Author: ClementJ, LeeA P K, VerpootenG A, LaenenL, VergoteV, De SamblanxH, BernemanZ N, Van RanstM, MaesP

Early treatment
NE diagnosis

This case report describes a patient with nephropathia epidemica (NE), a rare illness caused by hantavirus infection, that was initially misdiagnosed as hemolytic-uraemic syndrome (HUS). Early suspicion of hantavirus infection led to appropriate treatment and prevented unnecessary interventions.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

20.

Development of High-Throughput Screening Assay for Antihantaviral Therapeutics.

Author: RoyAnuradha, MirMohammad A

Therapeutic intervention

This study describes the development of a fluorescence-based assay to monitor the interaction between the nucleocapsid protein and the target RNA sequence in hantavirus. The assay was validated using a library of 6880 chemical compounds and is ready for high-throughput screening of large chemical libraries to identify antihantaviral therapeutic molecules.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

22.

A non-randomized multicentre trial of human immune plasma for treatment of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome caused by Andes virus.

Author: VialPablo A, ValdiviesoFrancisca, CalvoMario, RiosecoM Luisa, RiquelmeRaul, AranedaAndres, TomicicVinko, GrafJerónimo, ParedesLaura, FlorenzanoMatias, BidartTeresa, CuizaAnalia, MarcoClaudia, HjelleBrian, YeChunyan, Hanfelt-GoadeDiane, VialCecilia, RiveraJuan C, DelgadoIris, MertzGregory J,

Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) is a severe and potentially fatal disease caused by Andes virus in Chile. This study investigates the safety and effectiveness of immune plasma as a treatment for HCPS.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

23.

Hantavirus infections.

Author: Avšič-ŽupancT, SaksidaA, KorvaM

Hantavirus infection

Hantavirus infections are on the rise globally. While there is no effective treatment or vaccine, public awareness and preventive measures are crucial for minimizing risk.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

24.

Neutrophil depletion suppresses pulmonary vascular hyperpermeability and occurrence of pulmonary edema caused by hantavirus infection in C.B-17 SCID mice.

Author: KomaTakaaki, YoshimatsuKumiko, NagataNoriyo, SatoYuko, ShimizuKenta, YasudaShumpei P, AmadaTakako, NishioSanae, HasegawaHideki, ArikawaJiro

Hantavirus infection

Neutrophils play a key role in the development of pulmonary edema after Hantaan virus infection in SCID mice by contributing to increased vascular permeability.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

25.

Hypoxia induces permeability and giant cell responses of Andes virus-infected pulmonary endothelial cells by activating the mTOR-S6K signaling pathway.

Author: GavrilovskayaIrina N, GorbunovaElena E, MackowErich R

ANDV treatment
HPS
Hypoxia
Thrombocytopenia
Vascular leakage

Andes virus (ANDV) infection, which causes a severe respiratory illness, is known to enhance permeability in blood vessels. This study demonstrates that hypoxia further increases permeability and giant cell formation in ANDV-infected endothelial cells, suggesting a potential role for rapamycin in treatment.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

26.

Successful treatment of severe hantavirus nephritis with corticosteroids: a case report and literature review.

Author: Martinuč BergočMaja, LindičJelka, KovačDamjan, FerlugaDušan, PajekJernej

Improved renal function
Chronic kidney disease

This case report describes a patient who developed severe chronic renal failure after Dobrava hantavirus infection. Despite initial improvement, the renal failure persisted. Corticosteroid treatment led to significant improvement in renal function. This highlights the potential benefit of corticosteroids in managing chronic kidney disease following hantavirus infection.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

27.

Endothelial cell permeability during hantavirus infection involves factor XII-dependent increased activation of the kallikrein-kinin system.

Author: TaylorShannon L, Wahl-JensenVictoria, CopelandAnna Maria, JahrlingPeter B, SchmaljohnConnie S

KKS activation inhibition

Hantaviruses cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS), characterized by vascular leakage. This study identifies a novel mechanism of hantavirus-induced vascular leakage involving activation of the plasma kallikrein-kinin system (KKS). Blocking KKS activation may offer potential therapeutic targets for hantavirus infections.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

29.

Dobrava-Belgrade virus: phylogeny, epidemiology, disease.

Author: PapaAnna

Antiviral drug development
DOBV understanding
Vaccine development
Hemorrhagic fever
Renal syndrome

Dobrava-Belgrade virus (DOBV) is an Old World hantavirus that causes hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, with a case fatality rate up to 12%.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

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