Effects of live shingles (zoster) vaccine (zvl): A Synthesis of Findings from 20 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

The research on the effects of lithium on cognitive performance, mood, and side effects provides valuable insights into the potential benefits and risks of this medication. 10 suggests that lithium may not be more effective when given every other day rather than daily, but may be associated with a slightly lower risk of polyuria/polydipsia and diarrhoea. 14 reviews the effects of lithium on cognitive performance, highlighting the complexity and mixed findings. 12 found that lithium may have mild and selective effects on learning in healthy individuals. 3 explored the effects of lithium on cognitive functions in healthy subjects, suggesting potential performance deficits related to lithium-induced slowing. 17 reviews the neuroprotective effects of lithium, including its potential for dementia prevention. 5 examined the efficacy of low-dose lithium, suggesting lower side-effects and potential benefits in some patients. 7 supports the idea that decreasing lithium dosage can reduce morbidity and side-effects during prophylaxis. 13 highlights the increasing evidence base for lithium in mood disorders, despite its declining use. 2 suggests that lithium can induce changes in affect, mood, and personality. 16 reviews the potential long-term side effects of lithium, emphasizing the importance of considering them in clinical practice. 9 found no short-term changes in cognitive performance or mood after single doses of lithium. 6 suggests disruptions in memory-learning processes during memory retrieval in individuals on chronic lithium. 19 explored the potential of lithium for treating or preventing dementia in older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment. 20 reviews the neuropsychiatric benefits of low-dose lithium. 15 critically assesses the side effects and risk profile of lithium, highlighting the need for regular monitoring. 11 investigates lithium-induced cognitive side-effects in bipolar disorder, emphasizing the importance of recognizing and addressing them. 4 examines the effects of lithium on healthy volunteers, suggesting mood stabilization but with individual variability. 18 outlines a protocol for a study investigating the early effects of lithium. 8 suggests a mood-improving and stabilizing effect of lithium supplementation in former drug users. 1 investigates the acute and chronic effects of lithium on physiological and psychological measures in healthy individuals.

Benefits and Risks

Benefits Summary

Lithium is a well-established mood stabilizer for bipolar disorder, with benefits including reduced mood instability, decreased suicidal ideation, and potential neuroprotective effects. 13 17 It may also be associated with reduced side effects at lower doses. 5 7

Risks Summary

Lithium has potential side effects, including thyroid problems, kidney issues, weight gain, and potential birth defects. 16 15 It can also induce changes in affect, mood, and personality. 2 11 4 Regular monitoring is crucial to manage potential risks. 15

Comparison Across Studies

Commonalities

Across studies, lithium demonstrates a range of effects on mood, cognitive function, and physiological parameters. The findings highlight the importance of individual variability in response to lithium.

Differences

The research on lithium's effects varies in its focus, methodology, and participant populations. Some studies investigate long-term effects, while others focus on short-term or acute impacts. Some examine specific cognitive domains, while others look at broader effects on mood and overall well-being.

Consistency and Contradictions in Findings

The research on lithium's effects on cognition is mixed, with some studies indicating potential cognitive impairments, while others suggest no significant negative impact. 6 9

Implications for Daily Life

Lithium is a powerful medication with potential benefits for individuals with bipolar disorder, but its use requires careful consideration due to the possibility of side effects. 13 16 15 Regular medical supervision and close monitoring of individual response are crucial.

Limitations of Current Research

More research is needed to fully understand the effects of lithium on cognition, particularly the long-term impacts. 14 6 19 Further investigation into effective strategies for managing side effects and individualizing treatment is also essential.

Future Directions for Research

Future research should focus on understanding the long-term effects of lithium on cognition, exploring the potential benefits and risks of different dosing schedules and formulations, and developing more personalized treatment strategies. 10 20

Conclusion

Lithium is a valuable medication for managing bipolar disorder, but its use requires careful consideration of its potential benefits and risks. 13 16 15 20 Regular medical supervision and open communication with healthcare providers are essential.

Literature analysis of 20 papers
Positive Content
10
Neutral Content
2
Negative Content
8
Article Type
13
4
4
5
20
1.

Acute and chronic effects of lithium chloride on physiological and psychological measures in normals.

Author: KarniolI G, DaltonJ, LaderM H

Decreased well-being
Impaired memory
Increased calcium
Increased magnesium

Lithium chloride was found to decrease subjective well-being, skin conductance fluctuations, and increase plasma calcium in an acute experiment. In a chronic experiment, lithium caused subjective impairment, increased EEG slow waves, and a decrease in long-term memory.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Controlled Clinical TrialA clinical trial that evaluates the effectiveness of a treatment by comparing a group that receives the intervention with a group that receives a placebo or standard treatment.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

2.

The effect of lithium carbonate on affect, mood, and personality of normal subjects.

Author: JuddL L, HubbardB, JanowskyD S, HueyL Y, AttewellP A

Dysphoria
Lethargy
Mental confusion

Lithium carbonate induced substantial affect and mood changes in normal men. Lethargy, dysphoria, loss of interest in interacting with others and increased mental confusion were reported. No generalized effects were found on personality inventories.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.Research funding provided by US government agencies other than the Public Health Service.

Language : English

3.

The effect of lithium carbonate on the cognitive functions of normal subjects.

Author: JuddL L, HubbardB, JanowskyD S, HueyL Y, TakahashiK I

Performance deficits

Lithium carbonate induced performance deficits on cognitive and/or motor function tasks in normal men. No significant changes were observed on semantic creativity or aesthetic perception measures.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.Research funding provided by US government agencies other than the Public Health Service.

Language : English

4.

The effects of lithium carbonate on healthy volunteers: mood stabilization?

Author: CalilH M, ZwickerA P, KlepaczS

Dysphoric mood
Mood changes

Lithium treatment was associated with decreased mood scores but did not significantly change mood variability. The data suggest that lithium may induce dysphoric mood in some individuals.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

5.

The efficacy of low-dose lithium: clinical, psychological and biological correlates.

Author: Abou-SalehM T, CoppenA

Reduced side effects

Lithium dosage reduction was investigated in patients receiving prophylactic lithium treatment for bipolar disorder. Lower lithium dosage was associated with fewer side effects and lower TSH levels. However, elderly patients experienced greater morbidity upon lithium reduction.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

6.

Cognitive effects of lithium treatment in normal volunteers.

Author: WeingartnerH, RudorferM V, LinnoilaM

Attention difficulties
Concentration difficulties
Learning difficulties
Memory difficulties

Lithium can cause cognitive disruptions, particularly in memory-learning processes.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

7.

Decreasing lithium dosage reduces morbidity and side-effects during prophylaxis.

Author: CoppenA, Abou-SalehM, MillnP, BaileyJ, WoodK

Less side effects
Lower lithium levels
Reduced affective morbidity

Reducing lithium dosage in patients with affective disorders resulted in decreased affective morbidity, lower thyroid stimulating hormone levels, and reduced side effects. Sustained release lithium at a lower dose was more effective and produced fewer side effects than conventional dosages.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

8.

Effects of nutritional lithium supplementation on mood. A placebo-controlled study with former drug users.

Author: SchrauzerG N, de VroeyE

Mood improvement

Lithium supplementation at 400 micrograms/day for 4 weeks improved mood in former drug users. The mood test scores increased steadily in the lithium group, while the placebo group showed no consistent changes.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

9.

No short-term changes of cognitive performance and mood after single doses of two different lithium retard preparations.

Author: KolkA, KathmannN, GreilW

Memory impairment
Mood changes

A single dose of lithium carbonate or lithium sulfate did not cause significant cognitive impairment or mood changes in healthy volunteers within six hours of administration. This suggests that lithium-induced alterations of memory and mood develop gradually and are not immediate effects.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

10.

Double-blind comparison of the side-effect profiles of daily versus alternate-day dosing schedules in lithium maintenance treatment of manic-depressive disorder.

Author: JensenH V, DavidsenK, ToftegaardL, MellerupE T, PlengeP, AggernaesH, BjørumN

Diarrhea
Polydipsia
Polyuria

This study compared the side-effect profiles of daily and alternate-day lithium carbonate dosing schedules in manic-depressive patients. There was no significant difference in side effects between the two dosing schedules.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

11.

Lithium induced cognitive side-effects in bipolar disorder: a qualitative analysis and implications for daily practice.

Author: HonigA, ArtsB M, PondsR W, RiedelW J

Memory impairment
Slowed processing

Lithium had a negative effect on memory and speed of information processing, often without subjective complaints.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.

Language : English

12.

A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the effects of lithium on cognition in healthy subjects: mild and selective effects on learning.

Author: StipE, DufresneJ, LussierI, YathamL

Cognitive impairment

This study investigated the effects of lithium on cognitive function in healthy subjects. Lithium did not produce significant cognitive impairment in the study participants.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

13.

Lithium in mood disorders: increasing evidence base, declining use?

Author: YoungAllan H, HammondJudith M

Improved bipolar disorder treatment
Bipolar disorder

While knowledge about the benefits and side effects of lithium for treating bipolar disorder has increased, its use may be declining. Recent reviews confirm that lithium is effective for long-term treatment and reduces the risk of suicide. Psychiatrists should continue to use this effective treatment for bipolar disorder.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.

Language : English

14.

Effects of lithium on cognitive performance: a meta-analysis.

Author: WingoAliza P, WingoThomas S, HarveyPhilip D, BaldessariniRoss J

Cognitive impairment

This review assesses the reported effects of lithium, a mood stabilizer, on cognitive performance in patients with bipolar disorder.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

15.

[Side effects and risk profile of lithium: critical assessment of a systematic review and meta-analysis].

Author: BschorT, BauerM

Prevention of depressive episodes
Prevention of manic episodes
Hypothyroidism
Increased body weight
Renal failure

Lithium is the only drug with a strong recommendation for maintenance therapy in bipolar disorders, with proven efficacy for preventing both manic and depressive episodes. This comprehensive review of lithium's risks and side effects confirms its safety when used according to established guidelines. While renal failure is rare, regular monitoring is crucial, especially in patients with high lithium levels. Subclinical hypothyroidism is not an indication to stop lithium but requires thyroid hormone replacement. Lithium use during pregnancy requires careful consideration of both continuing and stopping the medication.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : German

16.

[Lithium treatment and potential long-term side effects: a systematic review of the literature].

Author: AlbertUmberto, De CoriDavid, BlenginoGiovanni, BogettoFilippo, MainaGiuseppe

Bipolar disorder treatment
Lithium side effects

Lithium is a common medication for bipolar disorder and is recommended as a first-line maintenance treatment by all guidelines. However, its long-term use can lead to side effects, making it challenging to implement the recommendations in practice. This study reviews the available literature on the potential long-term side effects of lithium.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : Italian

17.

Standard and trace-dose lithium: a systematic review of dementia prevention and other behavioral benefits.

Author: MauerSivan, VergneDerick, GhaemiS Nassir

Dementia prevention

Lithium in trace or low doses may have benefits in preventing dementia and other behavioral or medical conditions.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

18.

Oxford Lithium Trial (OxLith) of the early affective, cognitive, neural and biochemical effects of lithium carbonate in bipolar disorder: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

Author: SaundersKate E A, CiprianiAndrea, RendellJennifer, AttenburrowMary-Jane, NelissenNatalie, BilderbeckAmy C, VasudevanSridhar R, ChurchillGrant, GoodwinGuy M, NobreAnna C, HarmerCatherine J, HarrisonPaul J, GeddesJohn R

Early lithium effects
Predicting therapeutic response

The Oxford Lithium Trial will assess the early effects of lithium treatment on clinical, neurocognitive and biological measures in patients with bipolar disorder and mood instability. The findings may be valuable for predicting subsequent therapeutic response or side effects and provide a potential signature for the rapid evaluation of novel mood stabilisers.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

19.

Clinical and biological effects of long-term lithium treatment in older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment: randomised clinical trial.

Author: ForlenzaOrestes V, RadanovicMárcia, TalibLeda L, GattazWagner F

Neurotrophic responses
Limited controlled data

Lithium has been shown to have neuroprotective effects in the brain, potentially helping treat or prevent dementia. While studies in bipolar disorder and Alzheimer's disease support this, more controlled data is needed to confirm its efficacy for dementia treatment.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

20.

Identifying the neuropsychiatric health effects of low-dose lithium interventions: A systematic review.

Author: StrawbridgeRebecca, Kerr-GaffneyJess, BessaGiulia, LoschiGiulia, FreitasHanna Luísa O, PiresHugo, CousinsDavid A, JuruenaMario F, YoungAllan H

Low-dose lithium
Neuropsychiatric benefits
Adverse effects
Therapeutic doses

Low-dose lithium has been shown to have neuropsychiatric benefits, prompting further investigation into its potential advantages over higher doses.

Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.Research funding provided by US government agencies other than the Public Health Service.

Language : English

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