Side Effects of zdv: A Synthesis of Findings from 27 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Main research findings

Zidovudine (ZDV) is a medication that has been used to treat HIV infection. 2 This medication has been shown to be effective in treating HIV infection. However, several studies have shown that ZDV can have a number of side effects.

Reasons for side effects

ZDV is a drug that inhibits the growth of HIV, but it can also affect human cells. This is why ZDV can cause various side effects.

Common side effects

Digestive system

Studies have shown that ZDV can cause digestive problems. 13 These problems can include nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.

Blood system

ZDV can cause myelosuppression, a condition where the bone marrow is unable to produce enough blood cells. 12 This can lead to anemia, infection, and bleeding.

Nervous system

ZDV can cause peripheral neuropathy, a condition where the nerves in the hands, feet, and other extremities are damaged. 7 This can cause symptoms such as numbness, pain, and paralysis.

Metabolic system

ZDV can affect fat metabolism, leading to weight loss, loss of body fat, and dyslipidemia. 23

Countermeasures against side effects

Digestive side effects

Diet and medication can be used to manage digestive problems. Eating easy-to-digest foods and adjusting food intake can help. Anti-emetics and gastric acid inhibitors can also be used.

Blood system side effects

Blood tests can be used to monitor blood system problems. If necessary, blood transfusions and hematopoietic factors can be used for treatment.

Nervous system side effects

Medication and rehabilitation can be used to manage nervous system side effects.

Metabolic system side effects

Diet and exercise can help manage metabolic problems. A low-fat diet is recommended, and regular aerobic exercise is important.

Comparison between studies

Commonalities between studies

Several studies have shown that ZDV is an effective treatment for HIV infection. However, these studies also show that ZDV can have several side effects.

Differences between studies

The frequency and types of ZDV side effects reported vary depending on the study. This is thought to be due to differences in the age and health status of the study participants and the treatment methods used. Results may also vary depending on the size and design of the study.

Precautions for applying to real life

ZDV is an effective medication for treating HIV infection, but it is important to understand the risk of side effects. Always consult a doctor before using ZDV and follow their instructions carefully. If you are concerned about ZDV side effects, talk to your doctor and consider appropriate measures.

Limitations of current research

There is still not enough research on the side effects of ZDV. In particular, further research is needed on the side effects of long-term use of ZDV and the mechanisms by which specific side effects occur.

Future research directions

The development of new drugs and treatments to reduce the side effects of ZDV is needed. Research is also important to early detect ZDV side effects and provide appropriate treatment. Furthermore, elucidating the mechanisms by which ZDV side effects occur is expected to lead to the development of safer drugs.

Conclusion

ZDV is an effective medication for treating HIV infection, but it is important to understand the risk of side effects. Always consult a doctor before using ZDV and follow their instructions carefully. If you are concerned about ZDV side effects, talk to your doctor and consider appropriate measures.

Literature analysis of 27 papers
Positive Content
24
Neutral Content
2
Negative Content
1
Article Type
7
0
0
3
27
1.

Safety and efficacy of yellow fever vaccine in children less thanone-year-old.

Author: OsinusiK, AkinkugbeF M, AkinwolereO A, FabiyiA

Safe and effective yellow fever vaccine
Fever
Pain
Vomiting

Yellow fever vaccine was found to be safe and fairly effective in infants. In a clinical trial of 77 children aged seven to eight months, the most significant side effect was fever, occurring in 15.6% of children within 48 hours of vaccination and 12.9% within 10 days. Seroconversion rates were lower than those reported in adults and older children.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

3.

Adherence to zidovudine for the prevention of perinatal transmission in HIV-infected pregnant women: the impact of social network factors, side effects, and perceived treatment efficacy.

Author: DemasPenelope A, TheaDonald M, WeedonJeremy, McWayneJanis, BamjiMahrukh, LambertGenevieve, SchoenbaumEllie E

HIV Prophylaxis

Social support groups and disclosure to the participant's mother were associated with better adherence to zidovudine prophylaxis among pregnant HIV-infected women.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

5.

The efficacy of combined zidovudine and lamivudine compared with that of combined zidovudine, lamivudine and nelfinavir in asymptomatic and early symptomatic HIV-infected children.

Author: MoolasartPikul, LikanonsakulSirirat

HIV treatment

This study compared the efficacy of two treatment regimens, double-drug therapy (ZDV+3TC) and triple-drug therapy (ZDV+3TC+NFV), in 25 HIV-infected children over 6 months. Although the triple-drug therapy showed higher median weight increase (24% vs. 2%), CD4-cell count increase (94.5% vs. 9.4%), and viral load reduction (1.2 log10; 20.8% vs. 0.72 log10; 13.8%), these differences were not statistically significant. Both regimens were well tolerated, with no side effects or deaths.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

6.

Effect of cessation of zidovudine prophylaxis to reduce vertical transmission on maternal HIV disease progression and survival.

Author: BardeguezArlene D, ShapiroDavid E, MofensonLynne M, CoombsRobert, FrenkelLisa M, FowlerMary Glenn, HuangSharon, SperlingRhoda S, CunninghamBethann, GandiaJorge, MaupinRobert, ZorrillaCarmen D, JonesTheodore, O'SullivanMary Jo,

Chemoprophylaxis
Reduced perinatal HIV
Zidovudine resistance

This study found that zidovudine monotherapy could be considered as chemoprophylaxis to reduce perinatal HIV transmission for minimally symptomatic HIV-infected pregnant women with a low viral load and normal CD4 cell count.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

7.

Update on didanosine.

Author: CooperDavid A

HIV management
Improved survival
Once-daily administration
Side effects

Didanosine (ddl) is an effective antiretroviral drug used in combination therapy for HIV infection. Recent studies have shown its efficacy as a first-line therapy and its long-term benefits in increasing survival rates for HIV-infected patients.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

8.

Combination therapy with ZDV + DDI versus ZDV + DDC in patients with progression of HIV-infection under treatment with ZDV.

Author: MaussS, AdamsO, WillersR, JablonowskiH

HIV treatment
Lower compliance
Side effects

The combination of didanosine and zidovudine showed a more pronounced increase in CD4 cells compared to dideoxicytidine with zidovudine in HIV-seropositive patients deteriorating while receiving zidovudine. While clinical events were less frequent with didanosine, this difference was not statistically significant. However, patients on didanosine showed lower compliance, potentially affecting its efficacy.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Controlled Clinical TrialA clinical trial that evaluates the effectiveness of a treatment by comparing a group that receives the intervention with a group that receives a placebo or standard treatment.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

9.

Study of the impact of HIV genotypic drug resistance testing on therapy efficacy.

Author: Van VaerenberghK

HIV treatment
Drug resistance
Side effects

This study examines the challenges of HIV-1 treatment, focusing on the development of drug resistance and the importance of adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The study highlights the prevalence of resistance mutations and the potential impact on treatment outcomes.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

10.

[Zidovudine plus didanosine in HIV infected asymptomatic patients previously treated with zidovudine].

Author: López-MartínezC, GuarnerJ, Magis-RodríguezC, Uribe-ZúñigaP, del Río-ChiribogaC

AIDS progression delay
CD4+ cell count increase
CD4+ cell count decline
Toxicity

Adding didanosine (ddl) to patients already taking AZT for at least six months resulted in a significant increase in CD4+ T cell counts at three months. However, this increase gradually declined to below baseline levels at 18 months. While adverse effects were frequent, they did not lead to discontinuation of therapy in most patients.

English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.

Language : Spanish

11.

Virological efficacy of 24-week fozivudine-based regimen in ART-naive patients from Tanzania and Côte d'Ivoire.

Author: KroidlArne, ElloFrederic, MgayaJimson, LennemannTessa, MohRaoul, MagangaLucas, EholieSerge, PruvostAlain, SaathoffElmar, GirardPierre-Marie, ZuhseRalph, von MassowFriedrich, AnglaretXavier, HoelscherMichael, DanelChristine,

Improved myelotoxicity
Once daily dosing

Fozivudine, a prodrug of zidovudine, was developed to address the toxicity and twice daily dosing of zidovudine. Fozivudine is activated intracellularly to ZDV-monophosphate, primarily in mononuclear cells but not in bone marrow cells, potentially leading to improved myelotoxicity and once daily dosing.

Clinical Trial, Phase IIA Phase II trial is a trial that further evaluates the efficacy and safety of a new drug or treatment, whose safety has been confirmed to some extent in a Phase I trial, in a small number of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

12.

Antiviral therapy for human immunodeficiency virus infection in children.

Author: McKinneyR E

Antiretroviral therapy
HIV symptom relief
Hematologic side effects
Peripheral neuropathy

Zidovudine is the current standard therapy for symptomatic children and those with low CD4 counts. The role of newer antiretrovirals like ddI and ddC is yet to be established.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

13.

Early upper digestive tract side effects of zidovudine with tenofovir plus emtricitabine in West African adults with high CD4 counts.

Author: OuattaraEric, DanelChristine, MohRaoul, GabillardDelphine, PeytavinGilles, KonanRomuald, CarrouJérome Le, BohoussouFranck, EholieSerge P, AnglaretXavier

Digestive adverse events
TDF/FTC+ZDV

An unexpectedly high rate of digestive serious adverse events (sAEs) was observed in West African adults, mostly women, who started a 3-nuc antiretroviral therapy (ART) with TDF/FTC+ZDV. This suggests that further early prescriptions of TDF+XTC+ZDV should be carefully monitored, and that whenever possible, the rate of early upper digestive adverse events should be compared to that occurring in patients taking other drug regimens.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

14.

Zidovudine adherence in persons with AIDS. The relation of patient beliefs about medication to self-termination of therapy.

Author: SmithM Y, RapkinB D, MorrisonA, KammermanS

Improved adherence to ZDV therapy

Patients' beliefs about zidovudine (ZDV) were significantly associated with adherence to therapy. Patients who self-terminated ZDV treatment believed that the drug was harmful and were skeptical of its effectiveness.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

16.

Initial multicenter experience with double nucleoside therapy for human immunodeficiency virus infection during pregnancy.

Author: SilvermanN S, WattsD H, HittiJ, MoneyD M, LivingstonE, AxelrodJ, ErnestJ M, RobbinsD, DiVitoM M

Well-tolerated therapy
Elevated liver function tests
Neonatal anemia

Combination nucleoside analog therapy during pregnancy for HIV-infected mothers was well-tolerated by mothers and newborns, with no significant short-term toxicities.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.

Language : English

17.

Stable neurological function in subjects treated with 2'3'-dideoxyinosine.

Author: SidtisJ J, DafniU, SlasorP, HallC, PriceR W, KieburtzK, TuckerT, CliffordD B

Stable neurologic performance

This study found that didanosine therapy resulted in stable neurologic performance in patients with advanced HIV-1 infection, comparable to zidovudine treatment.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

18.

Prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission from mother to child--a cohort study in Singapore.

Author: ChongC Y, NgW Y, LeoY S, Se-ThoeS Y, LingA E, ChanK P

HIV transmission reduction

This study reviewed the results of a landmark clinical trial that found that antiretroviral therapy (ART) was effective in reducing the transmission of HIV from mother to child.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

21.

Methadone effects on zidovudine disposition (AIDS Clinical Trials Group 262).

Author: McCance-KatzE F, RaineyP M, JatlowP, FriedlandG

ZDV toxicity

Methadone treatment increased oral and intravenous ZDV exposure in HIV patients. This increase may be due to inhibition of ZDV glucuronidation and decreased renal clearance.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

22.

A randomized, open-label study of the safety and efficacy of switching stavudine or zidovudine to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in HIV-1-infected children with virologic suppression.

Author: Saez-LlorensXavier, CastañoElizabeth, RathoreMobeen, ChurchJoseph, DevilleJaime, GaurAditya, EstripeautDora, WhiteKirsten, ArterburnSarah, EnejosaJeffrey V, ChengAndrew K, ChuckSteven L, RheeMartin S

Improved virologic suppression
Safe for children
Proximal renal tubulopathy

Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) may be considered as an alternative to stavudine or zidovudine in HIV-infected children, but further research is needed to determine noninferiority to these drugs.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

23.

Uridine abrogates the adverse effects of antiretroviral pyrimidine analogues on adipose cell functions.

Author: WalkerUlrich A, AuclairMartine, LebrechtDirk, KornprobstMichel, CapeauJacqueline, CaronMartine

Protect adipocytes

Uridine supplementation protects adipocytes from the adverse effects of stavudine, zidovudine, and zalcitabine on lipid accumulation, cell survival, and mitochondrial functions. Uridine may be an interesting candidate for the prevention of NRTI-induced lipoatrophy in vivo.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

25.

Safety of 6-week Neonatal Triple-combination Antiretroviral Postexposure Prophylaxis in High-risk HIV-exposed Infants.

Author: AnugulruengkittSuvaporn, SuntarattiwongPiyarat, OunchanumPradthana, SrirompotongUssanee, JantarabenjakulWatsamon, SophonphanJiratchaya, PunnahitanonSunti, PancharoenChitsanu, CresseyTim R, ChokephaibulkitKulkanya, PuthanakitThanyawee,

Prevent HIV transmission
Adverse events

Zidovudine/lamivudine/nevirapine is safe for neonatal postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) for HIV-exposed infants.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Observational StudyResearch that observes and collects data on participants' behavior and outcomes in their natural state, without intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

26.

Long-term clinical remission maintained after cessation of zidovudine and interferon-α therapy in chronic adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma.

Author: CookLucy B, RowanAileen G, DemontisMaria A, SagaweSophie, GilletNicolas A, MelamedAnat, GreillerClaire, WitkoverAviva, BanghamCharles R M, TaylorGraham P

Improved survival
Long-term remission
Disease relapse

This study reports a case of a patient with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) who achieved long-term remission after treatment with zidovudine and interferon-α. This provides evidence that long-term remission may be possible in some patients with ATL, even after stopping therapy.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

27.

Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Zidovudine, Lamivudine, and Lopinavir/Ritonavir in HIV-infected Children With Severe Acute Malnutrition in Sub-Saharan Africa: IMPAACT Protocol P1092.

Author: OworMaxensia, TierneyCamlin, ZiembaLauren, BrowningRenee, MoyeJohn, GrahamBobbie, RedingChristina, CostelloDiane, NormanJennifer, WiesnerLubbe, HughesEmma, WhalenMeghan E, PurdueLynette, MmbagaBlandina Theophil, KamthunziPortia, KawalaziraRachel, NathooKusum, BradfordSarah, ColettiAnne, AweekaFrancesca, MusokePhilippa

HIV treatment efficacy

Pharmacokinetic and safety findings for zidovudine, lamivudine, and lopinavir/ritonavir support current World Health Organization weight band dosing of syrup formulations in children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM).

Clinical Trial, Phase IVPost-marketing surveillance. Monitors long-term safety/efficacy after approval.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

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