Side Effects of etodolac: A Synthesis of Findings from 29 Studies

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This page's analysis is based on PubMed data provided by the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM).
Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Etodolac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that is effective in treating inflammatory pain, such as post-surgical dental pain and osteoarthritis. 26 , 19 Etodolac has shown potential to be less gastrointestinal side effects and suitable for long-term treatment compared to conventional NSAIDs. 22 , 12 Etodolac is generally well-tolerated, but there have been some reports of adverse effects, such as gastrointestinal problems, kidney issues, and liver problems. 15 , 24 , 18 , 1 In some cases, a combination of etodolac with opioids may be beneficial for pain relief, but careful consideration is needed due to the risks associated with opioids. 3

Reasons for Side Effects

Etodolac's side effects are primarily caused by its inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. Prostaglandins play a vital role in various physiological functions, including protecting the stomach lining, maintaining renal blood flow, and preventing platelet aggregation. By interfering with prostaglandin production, etodolac can disrupt these functions, leading to potential side effects. 29 , 24

Common Side Effects

Gastrointestinal

Gastrointestinal problems are the most common side effects associated with etodolac. Patients may experience peptic ulcers, gastrointestinal bleeding, stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. 22 , 15 , 12 , 6 This is because etodolac inhibits the production of prostaglandins that protect the stomach lining. 29

Kidney

Etodolac has been associated with a risk of kidney side effects. 24 Caution is advised when administering etodolac to patients with impaired kidney function or elderly individuals. 1

Liver

Etodolac has been linked to liver side effects. 18 If you experience abnormal liver function during etodolac treatment, consult your doctor.

Other

Etodolac may also cause side effects such as dizziness, drowsiness, headache, tinnitus, and rash. 25 , 3 These side effects are typically mild and temporary. However, serious side effects can occur, so consult your doctor if you experience any concerns.

Side Effect Management

Gastrointestinal

To mitigate gastrointestinal side effects, it's recommended to take etodolac after meals or with milk. 12 Patients with a history of peptic ulcers and elderly individuals should be carefully monitored when receiving etodolac. 1 If you experience gastrointestinal symptoms during etodolac treatment, consult your doctor.

Kidney

Caution is advised when administering etodolac to patients with impaired kidney function or elderly individuals. 1 If you experience abnormal kidney function during etodolac treatment, consult your doctor.

Liver

If you experience abnormal liver function during etodolac treatment, consult your doctor.

Comparison between Studies

Commonalities

Numerous studies have indicated the effectiveness of etodolac in managing inflammatory pain, including post-surgical dental pain and osteoarthritis. 26 , 19 , 25 , 21 , 17 , 5 , 3 These studies also suggest that etodolac may offer reduced gastrointestinal side effects and suitability for long-term treatment compared to conventional NSAIDs. 22 , 12 However, it's essential to note that etodolac, like other NSAIDs, carries a risk of side effects such as peptic ulcers and gastrointestinal bleeding. 13

Differences

The administration methods, dosages, and occurrence of side effects of etodolac can vary across different studies. 25 , 21 These variations are likely attributed to differences in the patient populations, study designs, and evaluation methods used.

Considerations for Real-World Applications

Always take etodolac under the guidance of a healthcare professional. 25 , 21 Etodolac carries a risk of gastrointestinal side effects, so caution is advised for patients with a history of peptic ulcers and elderly individuals. 13 , 1 If you experience any side effects during etodolac treatment, consult your doctor.

Limitations of Current Research

Research on etodolac side effects is still not exhaustive. Further investigation is needed, particularly concerning long-term etodolac use and side effects in specific patient populations.

Future Research Directions

To gain a more comprehensive understanding of etodolac side effects, the following research areas are crucial:

  • Research on side effects associated with long-term etodolac administration
  • Research on etodolac side effects in specific patient populations
  • Development research for new medications to reduce etodolac side effects

Conclusion

Etodolac is an effective NSAID for treating inflammatory pain conditions like post-surgical dental pain and osteoarthritis. 26 , 19 , 25 , 21 , 17 , 5 , 3 However, it's important to be aware that etodolac, like other NSAIDs, carries the risk of side effects such as peptic ulcers and gastrointestinal bleeding. 13 When taking etodolac, follow your doctor's instructions and be mindful of potential side effects.

Keywords
Benefit Keywords
Pain management
1
Inflammation reduction
Pain relief
2
Postsurgical dental pain treatment
Reduced opioid use
3
Increased half-life
Increased mean residence time
Reduced edema
4
Reduced heterotopic ossification
5
Reduce gastric ulceration
Treat arthritis
6
Enhanced bioavailability
Extended duration
Minimum side effects
8
Treat inflammatory pain
9
Cancer treatment
Reduced side effects
10
Osteoarthritis treatment
11
Analgesic
Anti-inflammatory
Improved solubility
Reduced ulcerogenicity
12
Improved drug absorption
Increased drug solubility
Reduced side effects
13
Rheumatoid arthritis treatment
14
Analgesic
Anti-inflammatory
15
Dyspeptic complaint reduction
Osteoarthritis treatment
16
Effective CPP treatment
17
Liver metastasis prevention
18
Few side effects
Pain relief
19
Reduced postoperative pain
20
Reduced postoperative pain
21
Gastric mucosal protection
Long-term treatment
22
Inflammation treatment
Pain relief
23
Anti-inflammatory effect
24
Pain relief
Prolonged duration
25
Anti-inflammatory
26
Etodolac fewer side effects
Misoprostol reduces NSAID side effects
Nabumetone fewer side effects
27
OA pain relief
28
Gastric tolerance
Selective COX-2 inhibition
29
Risk Keywords
Cardiovascular risk
Gastrointestinal risk
1
NSAID risks
Opioid misuse
Opioid side effects
3
None reported
4
Abnormal lab results
Bleeding
Cognitive decline
Death
Elevated LFT
Elevated creatinine
Face edema
Hyperglycemia
Hypertension
Nausea
Vomiting
7
Anxiety
Burning sensation
Palpitations
11
Gastrointestinal disturbances
14
Lower intestinal illness
15
Abdominal pain
Constipation
Diarrhea
Dyspeptic symptoms
Epigastric burning
Nausea
16
Mild headache
17
Gastrointestinal symptoms
19
Impaired renal function
20
None mentioned
22
Gastrointestinal side effects
23
Nephrotoxicity
24
Side effects
25
Side effects
26
NSAID side effects
corticosteroid side effects
28
Literature analysis of 29 papers
Positive Content
27
Neutral Content
1
Negative Content
1
Article Type
7
1
1
8
29
1.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), pain and aging: Adjusting prescription to patient features.

Author: RibeiroHugo, RodriguesInês, NapoleãoLeonardo, LiraLuís, MarquesDenise, VeríssimoManuel, AndradeJosé Paulo, DouradoMarília

Pain management
Cardiovascular risk
Gastrointestinal risk

This narrative review discusses the pharmacokinetics of NSAIDs and their implications for patient safety. The authors highlight the benefits of lower renal excretion and phase 2 metabolism for patients requiring frequent NSAID use, particularly elderly patients and those with cardiovascular disease or impaired renal function.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

3.

Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Opioids in Postsurgical Dental Pain.

Author: HershE V, MooreP A, GrosserT, PolomanoR C, FarrarJ T, SaraghiM, JuskaS A, MitchellC H, ThekenK N

Postsurgical dental pain treatment
Reduced opioid use
NSAID risks
Opioid misuse
Opioid side effects

Ibuprofen, naproxen sodium, etodolac, diclofenac, and ketorolac are effective in reducing pain after impacted third molar extraction. Combining these NSAIDs with acetaminophen may further improve pain relief and reduce the need for opioids. Opioids are less effective than NSAIDs for postsurgical dental pain and can cause side effects such as dizziness, drowsiness, and constipation. Although opioid use carries risks, a short course (1-2 days) can be beneficial for some patients.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

4.

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies of etodolac loaded vesicular gels on rats by transdermal delivery.

Author: MadhaviNimmathota, SudhakarBeeravelli, Suresh ReddyK V N, Vijaya RatnaJayanthi

Increased half-life
Increased mean residence time
Reduced edema
None reported

Liposomal and ethosomal gels of etodolac showed better pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic results than PROXYM®.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

5.

Selective COX-2 Inhibitors Significantly Reduce the Occurrence of Heterotopic Ossification After Hip Arthroscopic Surgery.

Author: RathEhud, WarschawskiYaniv, MamanEran, DolkartOleg, SharfmanZachary T, SalaiMoshe, AmarEyal

Reduced heterotopic ossification

Short-term administration of etodolac for HO prophylaxis was found to be safe and effective in preventing heterotopic ossification (HO) in patients undergoing hip arthroscopic surgery.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

7.

Aspirin, steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

Author: JaturapatpornDarin, IsaacMokhtar Gad El Kareem Nasr, McCleeryJenny, TabetNaji

Abnormal lab results
Bleeding
Cognitive decline
Death
Elevated LFT
Elevated creatinine
Face edema
Hyperglycemia
Hypertension
Nausea
Vomiting

Aspirin, steroids, and NSAIDs did not demonstrate significant improvement in cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Aspirin was associated with increased bleeding, steroids with hyperglycemia and abnormal lab results, and NSAIDs with nausea, vomiting, and elevated creatinine levels.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

8.

Development and in vitro/in vivo evaluation of etodolac controlled porosity osmotic pump tablets.

Author: Abd-ElbaryAhmed, TadrosMina Ibrahim, Alaa-EldinAhmed Adel

Enhanced bioavailability
Extended duration
Minimum side effects

Etodolac controlled porosity osmotic pump (CPOP) tablets were designed to provide zero-order release kinetics. Fructose-containing core tablets showed a significantly slower drug release rate.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

9.

Pharmacological interaction between oxcarbazepine and two COX inhibitors in a rat model of inflammatory hyperalgesia.

Author: Stepanović-PetrovićRadica M, TomićMaja A, VučkovićSonja M, PoznanovićGoran, UgrešićNenad D, ProstranMilica Š, BoškovićBogdan

Treat inflammatory pain

Oxcarbazepine, ibuprofen, and etodolac are all effective in treating inflammatory pain. This study investigated the effects of combining oxcarbazepine with ibuprofen or etodolac in a rat model of inflammatory hyperalgesia.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

11.

A multicentric, randomized, comparative clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of S-etodolac in the treatment of osteoarthritis in Indian patients.

Author: SanchetiP, HardikarM, KarneN, PanseJ, SinghS, MariaA, BasuI

Osteoarthritis treatment
Anxiety
Burning sensation
Palpitations

S-etodolac extended release tablets were found to be as effective and safe as etodolac extended release tablets in the treatment of osteoarthritis in Indian patients. Both treatments showed significant improvement in pain, stiffness, and physical function, as measured by the WOMAC score and VAS pain score, with no significant difference between groups. Adverse events were few and no serious adverse events were reported.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

13.

Etodolac/cyclodextrin formulations: physicochemical characterization and in vivo pharmacological studies.

Author: CappelloBrunella, di MaioClelia, IervolinoMaria, MiroAgnese, CalignanoAntonio

Improved drug absorption
Increased drug solubility
Reduced side effects

Formulating etodolac with cyclodextrins improved its physicochemical and pharmacological properties, increasing drug solubility, dissolution rate, and gastric tolerance. HP-beta-CD was the most effective partner for etodolac, showing the highest drug solubilization.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

15.

[Intestinal side effects of COX-2 inhibitors].

Author: CalvoNadia, IversenEsben, MunckLars Kristian

Analgesic
Anti-inflammatory
Lower intestinal illness

COX-2 inhibitors and NSAIDs have similar analgesic, anti-inflammatory and upper intestinal side effects. This report presents five cases of severe lower intestinal illness associated with COX-2 inhibitor ingestion, including diarrhea due to microscopic colitis, spontaneous perforation of a J-pouch, and colonic ulceration and stricture.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : Danish

16.

The use and safety profile of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs among Turkish patients with osteoarthritis.

Author: YilmazHürriyet, GürelSelim, OzdemirOktay

Dyspeptic complaint reduction
Osteoarthritis treatment
Abdominal pain
Constipation
Diarrhea
Dyspeptic symptoms
Epigastric burning
Nausea

The use of meloxicam and specific COX-2 inhibitors increased more than that of other non-selective NSAIDs. COX-2 inhibitors were associated with fewer dyspeptic complaints compared to non-selective NSAIDs.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

17.

Efficacy of transdermal nitroglycerin combined with etodolac for the treatment of chronic post-thoracotomy pain: an open-label prospective clinical trial.

Author: GlantzLucio, GodovicGalina, LekarMargarita, KramerMordechai, EidelmanLeonid A

Effective CPP treatment
Mild headache

This study investigated the efficacy of nitroglycerin (NTG) combined with etodolac for the treatment of chronic post-thoracotomy pain (CPP). NTG added to etodolac significantly reduced pain intensity and improved sleep efficiency, with only mild headache as a side effect.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

18.

Combined treatment with selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor and fluorinated pyrimidines for liver metastasis of colon cancer.

Author: MatsunagaNobuo, YamadaNobuya, OhiraMasaichi, TachimoriAkiko, NishiguchiYukio, NishinoHiroji, SekiSyuichi, HirakawaKosei

Liver metastasis prevention

Combined treatment with etodolac, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, and UFT, a fluorinated pyrimidine, was investigated for its effect on liver metastasis of colorectal cancer. Etodolac inhibited cell invasion, and UFT inhibited cell proliferation in vitro. The combination treatment significantly reduced liver metastasis in a nude mouse model.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

19.

Double-blind, randomised, comparative trial of etodolac SR versus diclofenac in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee.

Author: LiangT H, HsuP N

Few side effects
Pain relief
Gastrointestinal symptoms

This study compared the efficacy and safety of etodolac SR and diclofenac in treating osteoarthritis of the knee. Etodolac SR and diclofenac were equally effective in reducing pain, but etodolac SR was better tolerated, with fewer adverse effects, particularly gastrointestinal symptoms.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

20.

Pain treatment with a COX-2 inhibitor after coronary artery bypass operation: a randomized trial.

Author: ImmerFranz F, Immer-BansiAlexsandra S, TrachselNathalie, BerdatPascal A, EigenmannVerena, CuratoloMichele, CarrelThierry P

Reduced postoperative pain
Impaired renal function

Etodolac, a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, provided better postoperative pain relief with fewer side effects than tramadol and diclofenac in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass operations. However, etodolac and diclofenac were associated with a short-lasting elevation in serum creatinine and urea levels.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

21.

A study of the comparative efficacy of three common analgesics in the control of pain after third molar surgery under local anaesthesia.

Author: ComfortM B, TseA S K, TsangA C C, McGrathC

Reduced postoperative pain

Diflunisal is superior to Panadeine and Etodolac in controlling pain following third molar surgery under local anaesthesia.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

22.

Comparison of the upper gastrointestinal effects of etodolac and aspirin in healthy dogs.

Author: NishiharaK, KikuchiH, KannoT, TanabeS, SarashinaT, UzukaY

Gastric mucosal protection
Long-term treatment
None mentioned

This study found that etodolac had fewer side-effects on the gastric mucosa in dogs than aspirin over a 28-day period.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

23.

[Clinical application of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors].

Author: Dzielska-OlczakM, OlczakS

Inflammation treatment
Pain relief
Gastrointestinal side effects

This review article discusses the use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and the development of selective COX-2 inhibitors. COX-2 inhibitors are thought to have fewer gastrointestinal side effects than traditional NSAIDs.

English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : Polish

24.

A comparison of the effects of etodolac and ibuprofen on renal haemodynamics, tubular function, renin, vasopressin and urinary excretion of albumin and alpha-glutathione-S-transferase in healthy subjects: a placebo-controlled cross-over study.

Author: SvendsenK B, BechJ N, SørensenT B, PedersenE B

Anti-inflammatory effect
Nephrotoxicity

This study investigated the nephrotoxicity of NSAIDs with different selectivity for COX-1 and COX-2. Etodolac, a COX-2 selective NSAID, may have fewer renal side effects than ibuprofen, a COX-1 selective NSAID.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

25.

Conventional and extended-release etodolac for postsurgical dental pain.

Author: HershE V, LevinL M, CooperS A, ReynoldsD, GallegosL T, McGoldrickK, AppelA

Pain relief
Prolonged duration
Side effects

Extended-release etodolac 1200 mg was found to be effective in relieving postoperative pain following third molar surgery and had a prolonged analgesic duration of 12-24 hours.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

26.

Clinical experience with cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors.

Author: van RynJ, PairetM

Anti-inflammatory
Side effects

COX-2 inhibition plays a role in anti-inflammatory processes, while COX-1 inhibition increases the frequency of side effects. The article reviews COX-2 regulation and discusses clinical data of new selective and highly selective COX-2 inhibitors.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

27.

Newer, safer nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Rational NSAID selection for arthritis.

Author: BensenW, ZizzoA

Etodolac fewer side effects
Misoprostol reduces NSAID side effects
Nabumetone fewer side effects

Misoprostol in combination with traditional NSAIDs reduces gastric and renal side effects. Two new NSAIDs, etodolac and nabumetone, selectively block cyclooxygenase 2, leading to comparable efficacy with fewer side effects than older NSAIDs.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

28.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and corticosteroids for the management of canine osteoarthritis.

Author: JohnstonS A, BudsbergS C

OA pain relief
NSAID side effects
corticosteroid side effects

Anti-inflammatory medications are commonly prescribed for osteoarthritis (OA) despite their recognized side effects. NSAIDs provide pain relief through central and peripheral mechanisms. This review examines the use of NSAIDs in veterinary medicine, highlighting the limited knowledge regarding their role in treating OA.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

29.

Tissue selective inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis by etodolac.

Author: DvornikD M

Gastric tolerance
Selective COX-2 inhibition

This study suggests that etodolac, a structurally distinct NSAID, demonstrates selectivity for COX-2, resulting in anti-inflammatory efficacy without the gastric side effects associated with other NSAIDs.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

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