Side Effects of penbutolol: A Synthesis of Findings from 20 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Penbutolol is a non-selective beta-blocker that has been widely studied for its effectiveness in treating hypertension. Several studies have shown that penbutolol effectively lowers blood pressure, both in patients with mild to severe hypertension and in those with newly diagnosed hypertension. 1 、 16 Penbutolol is generally well-tolerated and has been shown to be more potent than other beta-blockers like propranolol. 7 Penbutolol is also effective in treating angina pectoris and can be combined with other medications to enhance its antihypertensive effects. 14 、 8 、 20 、 12 、 4 、 11

Reasons for Side Effects

Penbutolol's side effects are primarily linked to its beta-blocking action, which involves inhibiting the effects of adrenaline and other hormones that stimulate the heart and blood vessels. This blocking action can lead to various side effects in different parts of the body.

Common Side Effects

Dizziness

Penbutolol can cause dizziness due to its blood pressure-lowering effect. 1 、 12 、 4

Gastrointestinal Symptoms

Penbutolol may affect the gastrointestinal system, leading to nausea and constipation. 1 、 3 、 11

Fatigue

Penbutolol can cause fatigue and exhaustion. 3

Bradycardia

Penbutolol can slow down the heart rate, leading to bradycardia (slow heart rate). 19 、 1

Cold Extremities

Penbutolol can constrict peripheral blood vessels, causing coldness in the extremities. 1

Skin Rash

Penbutolol may cause skin rashes and itching. 6

Liver Enzyme Elevation

In some cases, penbutolol can lead to elevated liver enzymes. 6

Measures to Address Side Effects

Dizziness

Stand up slowly and sit down to regain composure when getting up.

Gastrointestinal Symptoms

Chew your food thoroughly and eat slowly, and make sure to drink plenty of fluids.

Fatigue

Get enough rest and avoid overexertion.

Bradycardia

Seek immediate medical attention if your heart rate is abnormally slow.

Cold Extremities

Dress warmly and keep your hands and feet warm.

Skin Rash

Consult your doctor promptly if you develop a rash.

Liver Enzyme Elevation

Consult your doctor promptly if you experience symptoms of liver dysfunction.

Comparison between Studies

Commonalities in Studies

Most studies have consistently shown that penbutolol effectively lowers blood pressure and heart rate. 16 、 1 、 19

Differences between Studies

The side effects of penbutolol can vary between studies. For instance, one study reported that penbutolol can cause dizziness, while another study noted cold extremities as a side effect. 1 The effects and side effects of penbutolol can vary among individuals. Therefore, it is essential to consult your doctor to select the most appropriate treatment plan for you.

Points to Note Regarding Real-Life Applications

Penbutolol is a medication that can be effective in treating hypertension and angina but carries the potential for side effects. When using penbutolol, adhere to your doctor's instructions and be vigilant for potential side effects. If you experience dizziness, stand up slowly and sit down to regain composure. For gastrointestinal symptoms, eat slowly, chew your food thoroughly, and drink plenty of fluids. The effects and side effects of penbutolol can vary among individuals. It's crucial to consult your doctor to determine the most appropriate treatment plan for you.

Limitations of Current Research

Research on the effects and side effects of penbutolol is still ongoing, and the long-term effects of penbutolol remain largely unknown. Before making a treatment decision, consult your doctor to fully understand the benefits and drawbacks of using penbutolol.

Future Directions for Research

Research evaluating the long-term effects of penbutolol is crucial. Additionally, research investigating how the effects and side effects of penbutolol vary among individuals is necessary. These studies could lead to the development of safer penbutolol usage guidelines and more effective treatment strategies.

Conclusion

Penbutolol is an effective medication for treating conditions such as hypertension and angina, but it carries the risk of side effects. When taking penbutolol, adhere to your doctor's instructions closely and be vigilant about side effects. The effects and side effects of penbutolol can vary between individuals, so consult your doctor to determine the best treatment plan for you. Research into the long-term effects of penbutolol and how its effects and side effects differ among individuals is essential.

Literature analysis of 20 papers
Positive Content
19
Neutral Content
1
Negative Content
0
Article Type
10
1
1
1
20
1.

Antihypertensive efficacy and tolerance of penbutolol: results of a co-operative study in 227 patients.

Author: MaroneC, PerisicM, BorerM

Hypertension Control
Well Tolerated
Dizziness
Gastrointestinal Disorders

Penbutolol effectively controls blood pressure in patients with mild to severe essential hypertension, with a significant reduction in systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure. However, side effects, including dizziness and gastrointestinal disorders, were reported in 17.6% of patients.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

2.

Penbutolol or hydrochlorothiazide once a day in hypertension. A controlled study with home measurements.

Author: De PlaenJ F, Vander ElstE, Van Ypersele de StrihouC

Effective for hypertension
Long lasting effect
Well tolerated
Hyperuricemia
Hypokalemia

Penbutolol was more effective in reducing blood pressure than hydrochlorothiazide in 10 hypertensive patients. The hypotensive effect lasted for 24 hours. No significant side effects were reported.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

3.

Penbutolol in hypertension, alone and in combination with furosemide. A long-term multicentre study.

Author: Vander ElstE, LawrenceJ, RössnerM, MertensH

Lower blood pressure
Well tolerated
Deterioration of renal function
Gastrointestinal side effects

Penbutolol is a new long-acting beta-blocker that is effective in treating moderate hypertension. Two-thirds of patients in this study showed good blood pressure control with penbutolol alone, and the rest benefited from a combination of penbutolol and furosemide. The drug was well tolerated, with only minor gastrointestinal side effects reported. One patient with chronic glomerulonephritis experienced renal function deterioration, which might be related to the disease progression.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

4.

Efficacy of a low fixed-dose combination of penbutolol with piretanide in the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension: a double-blind study against placebo.

Author: YaskyJ, VerhoM, RangoonwalaB

Hypertension treatment
Well tolerated
Minor side effects

A low fixed-dose combination of penbutolol and piretanide was effective in reducing systolic and diastolic blood pressure in 20 patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension compared to placebo.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Controlled Clinical TrialA clinical trial that evaluates the effectiveness of a treatment by comparing a group that receives the intervention with a group that receives a placebo or standard treatment.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

6.

Penbutolol (Hoe 893d) in primary hypertension. Blood pressure effects, tolerance and plasma concentrations.

Author: OhmanK P, AsplundJ, LandahlS, LianderB

Treats hypertension
Dermatitis
Liver enzyme elevation

Penbutolol, a long-acting non-selective beta-adrenoceptor blocking agent, was found to be effective in treating primary hypertension in 23 patients. The drug significantly reduced blood pressure in 18 patients, but side effects such as dermatitis and elevated liver enzymes were observed.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

7.

Comparative potency of intravenous penbutolol and propranolol in man.

Author: SharmaP L, SapruR P

Potent beta blocker

Penbutolol, a non-selective beta-blocker, was found to be significantly more potent than propranolol in reducing resting and post-exercise heart rate and rate-pressure product. No side effects were observed.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

8.

Efficacy of penbutolol and a combination of a low dose of penbutolol with piretanide in the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension.

Author: GramlE, VerhoM, RangoonwalaB, EnglertR, HäringerE, PahnkeK

Blood pressure reduction
Minor side effects

In 51 patients with mild to moderate hypertension, the combination of penbutolol (20 mg) plus piretanide (3 mg) and penbutolol (40 mg) alone effectively reduced blood pressure. Diastolic blood pressure normalized in 70% of patients receiving the combination and 59% receiving penbutolol alone. No significant side effects were reported.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Controlled Clinical TrialA clinical trial that evaluates the effectiveness of a treatment by comparing a group that receives the intervention with a group that receives a placebo or standard treatment.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

10.

[Beta-adrenergic blockers and calcium antagonists in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy].

Author: KorovinaE P

Improve quality of life
Increase ejection fraction
Lethality

Beta-blockers and calcium antagonists improved quality of life in one-third of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, with penbutolol and nifedipine showing improvement in half. However, neither drug reduced myocardial hypertrophy.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : Russian

12.

Efficacy of a fixed-dose combination of 40 mg penbutolol with 6 mg piretanide in the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension: a double-blind study against placebo.

Author: YaskyJ, VerhoM, RangoonwalaB

Blood pressure reduction
Dizziness

A fixed-dose combination of penbutolol and piretanide was more effective than placebo in treating mild to moderate hypertension. No clinically relevant changes in biochemical, hematological, or urinary parameters were observed.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

13.

[Treatment of essential mild-to-moderate arterial hypertension with once-daily penbutolol. Controlled clinical study vs atenolol].

Author: NamiR, MartinelliM, BianchiniC, GennariC

Effective for hypertension
Well tolerated
No significant risks mentioned

Penbutolol, a non-selective beta-blocker with an ISA effect, was as effective as atenolol, a cardioselective beta-blocker without ISA effect, in controlling blood pressure in 40 patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension. Penbutolol was better tolerated than atenolol.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : Italian

14.

Double-blind comparison of prenylamine and penbutolol in patients with angina pectoris.

Author: SlegersL C, VermeulenA, SumajowC A

Angina relief

Prenylamine and penbutolol were both effective in reducing anginal attacks in 17 patients.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

15.

[Penbutolol and arterial hypertension].

Author: TorrianiA, BraviM, BrogliaM, GiuffrèG, CarisdeoV

Effective hypertension treatment
Minimal side effects
Well tolerated

Penbutolol, a beta-blocker, is effective in treating hypertension, especially in hyperkinetic forms. It is well-tolerated and has minimal side effects, making it suitable for long-term use.

English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : Italian

16.

Penbutolol, a new non-selective beta-adrenergic blocking compound in the treatment of hypertension. A comparision with propranolol.

Author: FrickM H, HartikainenM, PörstiP

Hypertension control
Mild side effects

Penbutolol, a new non-selective beta-blocker, was compared to propranolol in treating hypertension. Both medications effectively reduced blood pressure and heart rate, with no significant differences in magnitude of response or side effects.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Controlled Clinical TrialA clinical trial that evaluates the effectiveness of a treatment by comparing a group that receives the intervention with a group that receives a placebo or standard treatment.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

17.

Single-blind comparison of penbutolol and long-acting propranolol in general practice.

Author: HayesG

Good compliance
Good tolerance
Minimal side effects

Penbutolol and long-acting propranolol were equally effective in lowering blood pressure in patients with mild to moderate hypertension, with good tolerance and compliance.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

18.

Blood pressure lowering efficacy of nonselective beta-blockers for primary hypertension.

Author: WongGavin W K, WrightJames M

BP lowering
Heart rate reduction
Bradycardia
Limited data on adverse effects

A meta-analysis of 25 randomized controlled trials evaluating the BP lowering effects of seven nonselective beta-blockers found that nonselective beta-blockers lowered systolic BP and diastolic BP compared with placebo. Nonselective beta-blockers did not show a convincing dose-response relationship in the recommended dose range for systolic BP and diastolic BP, while higher dose nonselective beta-blockers provided greater reduction of heart rate. The effect of nonselective beta-blockers on pulse pressure was likely small, at about 2 mmHg.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

19.

A comparative study of atenolol and penbutolol in hypertensive patients.

Author: LameijerL D, HoutzagersJ J, VoermansL A

Lowered blood pressure
Bradycardia

Atenolol and penbutolol were equally effective in lowering blood pressure, with bradycardia being more frequent with atenolol.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

20.

Efficacy of penbutolol + piretanide combinations in the treatment of arterial hypertension.

Author: VerhoM, RangoonwalaB, PahnkeK, FreudeJ, HäringerE

Reduce blood pressure
Well tolerated
Excessive hypotensive response

Penbutolol and piretanide together, given once daily, are effective and well tolerated in patients with mild to moderate hypertension.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Controlled Clinical TrialA clinical trial that evaluates the effectiveness of a treatment by comparing a group that receives the intervention with a group that receives a placebo or standard treatment.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

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