Effects of tramadol: A Synthesis of Findings from 30 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major Research Findings

Tramadol is a medication commonly used to treat pain. It has been found to be effective for a range of pain conditions, including postoperative pain, chronic pain, and cancer pain. 10 Tramadol is often prescribed as an alternative to morphine, as it has been shown to have fewer side effects, particularly constipation and respiratory depression. 10 However, tramadol is not without risks, and it is important to discuss any potential side effects with your doctor before taking the medication. 10

Various studies have investigated the effectiveness of tramadol in different contexts. 24 A study on donkeys found that tramadol combined with lidocaine was more effective for perineal pain relief compared to lidocaine alone. 24 Tramadol has also been found to be effective in treating labor pain, with fewer side effects compared to pethidine. 1 Furthermore, studies have shown that combining tramadol with droperidol or clonidine can enhance its analgesic effects and duration. 11 Tramadol has also been used in combination with gabapentin for pain management following epidural steroid injections. 26 In children, tramadol has proven effective for postoperative pain relief following herniotomy, with less pain and less need for additional analgesics compared to bupivacaine or intramuscular tramadol. 17 However, it is important to note that the effectiveness of tramadol can vary depending on the individual and the specific pain condition being treated. 17

Studies have also explored the pharmacokinetic properties of tramadol, including its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination from the body. Research suggests that intravenous tramadol reaches peak serum concentrations faster than oral tramadol. 28 Furthermore, studies have investigated the potential for tramadol to interact with other medications. 25 For instance, antifungal agents like terbinafine and itraconazole can affect the pharmacokinetics of tramadol. 25

Tramadol has also been studied for its potential for abuse. 29 While research suggests that tramadol has lower abuse potential compared to other opioids, it is still possible to develop dependence on the drug. 29

Benefits and Risks

Benefit Summary

Tramadol has been shown to be effective in relieving a wide variety of pain conditions, including postoperative pain, chronic pain, and cancer pain. 10 Tramadol is often prescribed as an alternative to morphine, as it has been shown to have fewer side effects, particularly constipation and respiratory depression. 10 Furthermore, tramadol has been found to be effective for pain management in children. 17 Tramadol can also be used in combination with other analgesics to enhance its pain-relieving effects. 11

Risk Summary

Tramadol can cause several side effects, including nausea, vomiting, dizziness, drowsiness, constipation, and dry mouth. 10 In some cases, tramadol can also cause respiratory depression. 1 There is also the potential for tramadol to be abused. 29 It is important to discuss any potential side effects with your doctor before taking tramadol and to follow your doctor's instructions carefully. 29

Study Comparisons

Study Similarities

Many studies agree that tramadol offers a viable alternative to traditional opioids for pain management, often with a lower risk of side effects such as constipation and respiratory depression. 10

Study Differences

Studies have investigated various applications of tramadol, leading to differences in results depending on the specific pain condition, dosage, and combination with other medications. For example, some studies highlight the benefits of combining tramadol with other analgesics, while others focus on its effectiveness for specific pain conditions.

Consistency and Discrepancies in Results

The research consistently suggests that tramadol is an effective analgesic with a relatively favorable side effect profile compared to other opioids. 10 However, studies also demonstrate that tramadol can have side effects, and its effectiveness may vary depending on the individual and the specific pain condition being treated.

Points to Consider for Real-World Applications

Tramadol can be a valuable pain management tool, but it is crucial to use it responsibly. Always discuss your pain with your doctor to determine the best treatment options for you. If you are taking tramadol, it is essential to follow your doctor's instructions carefully and to be aware of potential side effects. 10

Limitations of Current Research

Some studies investigating tramadol have limitations, such as small sample sizes, short study durations, or limited focus on specific pain conditions. 17

Future Research Directions

Further research on tramadol is needed to fully understand its long-term effects, interactions with other medications, and optimal use in various clinical settings. 30

Conclusion

Tramadol is a valuable medication for pain management, offering an effective alternative to traditional opioids with a generally favorable side effect profile. 10 However, it is essential to be aware of potential side effects and to discuss your treatment options with your doctor.

Literature analysis of 30 papers
Positive Content
26
Neutral Content
2
Negative Content
2
Article Type
27
0
3
0
29
1.

[Obstetrical analgesia with tramadol--results of a prospective randomized comparative study with pethidine].

Author: HussleinP, KubistaE, EgarterC

Pain relief
Reduced side effects

Tramadol and pethidine were compared for pain relief during labor. Both drugs were effective in reducing pain, but tramadol had fewer side effects, such as weariness and somnolence.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : German

2.

[A doubleblind comparison of tramadol and buprenorphine in the control of postoperative pain (author's transl)].

Author: AlonE, SchulthessG, AxhausenC, HossliG

Buprenorphine efficacy

Buprenorphine was more effective than tramadol in relieving postoperative pain. It provided a longer lasting and more potent analgesic effect, though it was slightly delayed in onset. Both drugs were well tolerated and had little to no impact on circulation and respiration.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : German

3.

Oral tramadol, a mu-opioid agonist and monoamine reuptake-blocker, and morphine for strong cancer-related pain.

Author: Wilder-SmithC H, SchimkeJ, OsterwalderB, SennH J

Fewer side effects
Pain control
Inadequate analgesia

Tramadol was as effective as morphine in controlling pain in cancer patients, with a lower rate of side effects. Tramadol was associated with less nausea and constipation than morphine.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

4.

[Effectiveness and tolerance of tramadol in cancer pain. A comparative study with respect to buprenorphine].

Author: BonoA V, CuffariS

Improved tolerability
Constipation
Respiratory depression

Tramadol, a new opioid analgesic, was found to be as effective as buprenorphine in relieving pain in patients with advanced cancer. Tramadol was better tolerated than buprenorphine, with fewer and milder adverse reactions. Only 1 patient discontinued tramadol, compared with 18 using buprenorphine.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : French

5.

Comparison of respiratory effects of tramadol and oxycodone.

Author: TarkkilaP, TuominenM, LindgrenL

No respiratory depression
Respiratory depression

Tramadol did not cause respiratory depression in patients undergoing minor surgery under general anesthesia, unlike oxycodone which led to significant respiratory depression.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

6.

Tramadol hydrochloride: analgesic efficacy compared with codeine, aspirin with codeine, and placebo after dental extraction.

Author: MooreP A, CroutR J, JacksonD L, SchneiderL G, GravesR W, BakosL

Analgesic efficacy
Gastrointestinal side effects

Tramadol, a novel analgesic with both opioid and aminergic mechanisms of action, was found to be effective in relieving pain following third molar extraction. Tramadol 100 mg was statistically superior to placebo, while tramadol 50 mg was only statistically superior for time of remedication. Gastrointestinal side effects were more common with tramadol than with placebo.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

7.

The effects of tramadol versus fentanyl in attenuating hemodynamic response following tracheal intubation.

Author: PangW W, LeiC H, ChangD P, TungC C, HuangM H

Postoperative analgesia
Tramadol efficacy
Hemodynamic response
Tramadol administration

Tramadol did not attenuate the increase in hemodynamic profiles following tracheal intubation as effectively as fentanyl.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

8.

Effects of tramadol and tilidine/naloxone on oral-caecal transit and pupillary light reflex.

Author: FreyeE, LataschL

Constipation
Dry mouth
Emesis
Nausea
Perspiration
Tiredness
Vertigo

Tilidine/naloxone is more effective in relieving constipation than tramadol. However, it also causes more side effects such as tiredness, nausea, and dry mouth.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

9.

Tramadol drops in children: analgesic efficacy, lack of respiratory effects, and normal recovery times.

Author: PayneK A, RoelofseJ A

Analgesic efficacy
No respiratory depression

This study examined the analgesic efficacy, respiratory effects, and behavioral impact of tramadol in pediatric patients undergoing day-case dental extractions. Tramadol (3 mg/kg) plus midazolam (0.5 mg/kg) was administered 30 minutes before sevoflurane anesthesia. Tramadol demonstrated analgesic efficacy, with no significant respiratory depression, behavioral changes, or impact on recovery times.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

10.

[Comparison of postoperative analgesia with tramadol, morphine versus their combination in patients undergoing abdominal cancer surgery].

Author: LinWen-qian, ZengWei-an, LiWei, XuMei-xi, ZhongZhong-jian

Pain relief
Side effects

This study aims to compare the efficacy and side effects of tramadol, morphine, and a combination of both for postoperative analgesia. Tramadol is a new synthetic mu-opioid receptor agonist.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : Chinese

11.

The addition of droperidol or clonidine to epidural tramadol shortens onset time and increases duration of postoperative analgesia.

Author: GürsesErcan, SungurtekinHülya, TomatirErkan, BalciCanan, GönüllüMustafa

Pain relief
Nausea

Epidural tramadol combined with either droperidol or clonidine significantly prolonged the duration of analgesia compared to tramadol alone in patients undergoing lower abdominal surgery. However, droperidol was favored due to its better side effect profile, including fewer incidences of nausea.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

12.

Pethidine versus tramadol for pain relief during labor.

Author: KeskinH L, KeskinE Aktepe, AvsarA F, TabukM, CaglarG S

Effective pain relief
Fatigue
Nausea

Pethidine seems to be a better alternative than tramadol in obstetric analgesia because of its superiority in analgesic efficacy and low incidence of maternal side effects.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

13.

[Patient-controlled analgesia with lornoxicam in patients undergoing gynecological surgery].

Author: GongZ Y, YeT H, QinX T, YuG X, GuoX Y, LuoA L

Effective pain relief
Fewer adverse events

Lornoxicam provides an alternative to morphine or tramadol for the treatment of postoperative pain, with fewer adverse events.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : Chinese

14.

[Patient-controlled analgesia with tramadol and tramadol/droperidol mixture after abdominal hysterectomy: a double-blinded, randomized controlled trial].

Author: LiuGuo-kai, HuangYu-guang, LuoAi-lun, ZhangYun-fei, RenHong-zhi

Postoperative analgesia
Reduced nausea
Reduced vomiting

The combination of tramadol and droperidol is superior to tramadol alone for postoperative patient-controlled analgesia. Both treatments provided adequate analgesia, but the combination resulted in significantly less nausea and vomiting and reduced the need for sedatives.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
English AbstractA summary of a research paper/publication written in English for a wider audience.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : Chinese

15.

Two doses of oral sustained-release tramadol do not reduce pain or morphine consumption after modified radical mastectomy: a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Author: ThienthongSomboon, KrisanaprakornkitWimonrat, TaesiriWorranut, ThaninsuratNuanchan, UtsahapanichSiriporn, KlaichanadChongsuk

Pain relief
Reduced administration frequency

This study discusses the use of sustained-release tramadol (SR) for the treatment of mild to moderate post-operative pain, highlighting its potential for reducing administration frequency.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

16.

Profiling the subjective, psychomotor, and physiological effects of tramadol in recreational drug users.

Author: ZacnyJames P

Abuse liability

Tramadol is an opioid pain reliever that can be abused. This study found that tramadol had abuse-related effects in recreational drug users. This suggests that further abuse liability testing is needed.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

17.

Does tramadol wound infiltration offer an advantage over bupivacaine for postoperative analgesia in children following herniotomy?

Author: DemiraranYavuz, IlceZekeriya, KocamanBuket, BozkurtPervin

Postoperative analgesia

The study compared the postoperative analgesic effects of wound infiltration with tramadol (T) or bupivacaine (B) and intramuscular tramadol (I) after herniotomy in children. The results showed that wound infiltration with tramadol provided more effective postoperative analgesia compared to bupivacaine or intramuscular tramadol, with significantly lower pain scores and a longer time to first analgesic requirement.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

18.

Subcutaneous tramadol infiltration at the wound site versus intravenous administration after pyelolithotomy.

Author: KhajaviMohammad Reza, AghiliSeyed Babak Mojaver, MoharariReza Shariat, NajafiAtabak, MohtaramRobab, KhashayarPatricia, MojtahedzadeMojtaba

Less nausea and vomiting
Reduced opioid consumption
None reported

Subcutaneous wound infiltration with tramadol reduces postoperative opioid consumption and produces less nausea and vomiting than does intravenous administration.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

19.

Effects of repeated tramadol and morphine administration on psychomotor and cognitive performance in opioid-dependent volunteers.

Author: MintzerMiriam Z, LanierRyan K, LofwallMichelle R, BigelowGeorge E, StrainEric C

Opioid dependence treatment

Tramadol is a pain reliever that is often used to treat moderate to severe pain. This study investigated the effects of tramadol on cognitive function in people with opioid dependence. The study found that tramadol did not impair cognitive function and may be a safe and effective treatment for opioid dependence.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

20.

A small-dose naloxone infusion alleviates nausea and sedation without impacting analgesia via intravenous tramadol.

Author: JiaDong-Lin, NiCheng, XuTing, ZhangLi-Ping, GuoXiang-Yang

Reduced nausea
Reduced sedation
Reduced vomiting

A small dose of naloxone infusion reduced tramadol-induced side effects without reversing its analgesic effects in patients undergoing cervical vertebrae surgery.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

21.

Discriminative stimulus effects of tramadol in humans.

Author: DukeAngela N, BigelowGeorge E, LanierRyan K, StrainEric C

Opioid dependence treatment
Abuse liability
Opioid-like effects

Tramadol is an analgesic that acts as an agonist at μ-opioid receptors. It was shown to have effects similar to opioid agonists in a study of nondependent volunteers.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

22.

Pharmacodynamic profile of tramadol in humans: influence of naltrexone pretreatment.

Author: StoopsWilliam W, LofwallMichelle R, NuzzoPaul A, CraigLori B, SiegelAnthony J, WalshSharon L

Reduced pain

Naltrexone blocked the mu opioid agonist-like effects of hydromorphone, but only partially attenuated tramadol's positive subjective effects, suggesting both mu and non-mu opioid actions contribute to its profile of action.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

23.

Miotic and subject-rated effects of therapeutic doses of tapentadol, tramadol, and hydromorphone in occasional opioid users.

Author: StoopsWilliam W, GlaserPaul E A, RushCraig R

Tapentadol analgesia
Tramadol side effects

Tapentadol, a novel analgesic, produced a profile of positive effects comparable to hydromorphone. Tramadol, another analgesic, produced both positive and negative subject-rated effects.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

24.

Comparative analgesic and sedative effects of tramadol, tramadol-lidocaine and lidocaine for caudal epidural analgesia in donkeys (Equus asinus).

Author: MarzokMohamed A, El-khoderySabry A

Long duration
Rapid onset
Mild sedation

Tramadol-lidocaine combination was more effective than lidocaine alone or tramadol alone for perineal analgesia in donkeys, with a faster onset and longer duration of action.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

25.

Effects of terbinafine and itraconazole on the pharmacokinetics of orally administered tramadol.

Author: SaarikoskiTuukka, SaariTeijo I, HagelbergNora M, BackmanJanne T, NeuvonenPertti J, ScheininMika, OlkkolaKlaus T, LaineKari

Pain relief
Drug interactions

This study investigated the potential interaction of tramadol with the antifungal agents terbinafine and itraconazole. Tramadol is metabolized by CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 enzymes. The study explored the impact of CYP2D6 inhibition by terbinafine and CYP3A4 inhibition by itraconazole on tramadol metabolism and potential drug interactions.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

26.

The effect of tramadol and tramadol + gabapentin combination in patients with lumbar disc herniation after epidural steroid injection.

Author: PirbudakLütfiye, CiçekHülya, IşikMustafa, ZerYasemin

Pain relief

Tramadol + gabapentin treatment was not superior to tramadol treatment. Similar improvements in VAS, ODI, and SLET values were observed in both groups in the second week. The inflammation markers were not different after treatment, neither within the groups nor between the groups.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

27.

Tramadol for osteoarthritis.

Author: Toupin AprilKarine, BisaillonJacinthe, WelchVivian, MaxwellLara J, JüniPeter, RutjesAnne Ws, HusniM Elaine, VincentJennifer, El HindiTania, WellsGeorge A, TugwellPeter

Pain relief
Reduced GI bleeding
Reduced renal problems

This Cochrane review updates a previous review published in 2006, examining the use of tramadol to treat pain and associated physical disability in osteoarthritis (OA). The review analyzes the potential benefits and risks of tramadol compared to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

28.

Comparing the Pharmacokinetics of 2 Novel Intravenous Tramadol Dosing Regimens to Oral Tramadol: A Randomized 3-Arm Crossover Study.

Author: LuLucy, RyanMichael, HarnettMark, AtieeGeorge J, ReinesScott A

Pain relief
Adverse events

This study compared the pharmacokinetics of two intravenous (IV) tramadol dosing regimens to oral tramadol in patients with postsurgical pain. IV tramadol 50 mg reached peak serum concentrations more rapidly than oral tramadol while maintaining similar overall steady-state levels. Both IV regimens were well tolerated.

Clinical Trial, Phase IThe first stage of clinical trials in humans. Evaluates the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of a new drug/treatment.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

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