Effects of pentamidine injection: A Synthesis of Findings from 21 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Main Research Findings

Pentamidine injections have been shown to be an effective treatment for single lesions of Bolivian cutaneous leishmaniasis, with efficacy comparable to or better than antimony therapy, which is recommended by the World Health Organization. 10 A single injection of pentamidine for lesions caused by Leishmania braziliensis in Bolivia has been shown to be more effective than three injections of antimony. 10 Additionally, pentamidine injections show promise as a novel treatment using magnetic nanoparticles for visceral leishmaniasis. 6 Pentamidine has been shown to be effective in treating visceral leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania donovani and, in a mouse model, did not show any signs of systemic toxicity. 6 Furthermore, pentamidine has shown potential as a treatment for the early stage of sleeping sickness, with comparable or better efficacy than pafuramidine. 11 These studies suggest that pentamidine injections could be an effective treatment for a variety of leishmaniasis and sleeping sickness.

Benefits and Risks

Benefits Summary

Pentamidine injections have shown to be an effective treatment for single lesions of Bolivian cutaneous leishmaniasis, with comparable or better efficacy than antimony therapy. Pentamidine is also effective in a novel drug delivery system using nanoparticles for visceral leishmaniasis. It has also shown potential as a treatment for the early stage of sleeping sickness with comparable or better efficacy than pafuramidine. Pentamidine injections may be considered less burdensome for patients than antimony therapy, as they require fewer injections and are less frequent, making it a more convenient treatment option. Additionally, it may be effective against the threat of antimony-resistant parasites.

Risks Summary

The main side effects of pentamidine injections are local irritation and injection site pain. However, these side effects are usually mild and resolve quickly. Serious side effects from pentamidine injections have also been reported. Therefore, before receiving pentamidine injections, it is important to consult with a doctor and understand the risks associated with the side effects. Pentamidine injections are not to be used for women who are pregnant or breastfeeding. People with kidney or liver problems or those taking certain medications may also be prohibited from using pentamidine injections.

Comparison Between Studies

Similarities Between Studies

Multiple studies have shown that pentamidine injections can be an effective treatment for various leishmaniasis and sleeping sickness. Furthermore, pentamidine may be considered less burdensome for patients than antimony therapy as it requires fewer injections and is less frequent, making it a more convenient treatment option.

Differences Between Studies

The effectiveness of pentamidine injections may vary depending on the type and severity of leishmaniasis or sleeping sickness. The optimal dosage and schedule of pentamidine may differ between studies. Additionally, the frequency and severity of side effects associated with pentamidine injections may vary between studies.

Consistency and Contradictions of Results

Multiple studies have shown that pentamidine injections can be an effective treatment for various leishmaniasis and sleeping sickness. However, a clear consensus on the optimal dosage, schedule, and side effects of pentamidine has yet to be established. Therefore, careful consideration is required when administering pentamidine injections to patients.

Precautions for Real-World Application

It is important to use pentamidine injections appropriately under the guidance of a healthcare professional. Self-administering pentamidine injections or altering dosage and schedule without a doctor's instructions is dangerous. Always consult with a doctor before using pentamidine injections and ensure you understand the risks associated with the side effects.

Limitations of Current Research

There is still a lack of sufficient research on pentamidine injections. More studies are needed, particularly regarding optimal dosage, schedule, and side effects. Larger clinical trials are also needed to determine the effectiveness of pentamidine injections in treating various types of leishmaniasis and sleeping sickness. Further research is also required to investigate the combination of pentamidine injections with other drugs or treatment methods to improve efficacy.

Future Research Directions

Further research on pentamidine injections should focus on the following points. First, the optimal dosage and schedule of pentamidine need to be clarified. Second, the side effects of pentamidine injections need to be investigated in more detail. Furthermore, larger clinical trials are needed to determine the effectiveness of pentamidine injections in treating various types of leishmaniasis and sleeping sickness. Further research is also required to investigate the combination of pentamidine injections with other drugs or treatment methods to improve efficacy. Pentamidine injections have the potential to be an effective treatment for various leishmaniasis and sleeping sickness. Further research is expected to provide more clarity regarding the safety and efficacy of pentamidine injections and lead to the development of safer and more effective treatment options for patients.

Conclusion

Pentamidine injections have been shown to be an effective treatment for single lesions of Bolivian cutaneous leishmaniasis, with comparable or better efficacy than antimony therapy, which is recommended by the World Health Organization. Pentamidine may be considered less burdensome for patients than antimony therapy, as it requires fewer injections and is less frequent, making it a more convenient treatment option. Additionally, it may be effective against the threat of antimony-resistant parasites. However, side effects such as local irritation and injection site pain have been reported with pentamidine injections, and serious side effects have also been reported. Before using pentamidine injections, it is important to consult with a doctor and understand the risks associated with the side effects. Future research is expected to provide more clarity regarding the safety and efficacy of pentamidine injections and lead to the development of safer and more effective treatment options for patients.

Literature analysis of 21 papers
Positive Content
19
Neutral Content
1
Negative Content
1
Article Type
8
0
0
1
21
1.

Effects of oral pantoprazole on 24-hour intragastric acidity and plasma gastrin profiles.

Author: HannanA, WeilJ, BroomC, WaltR P

Gastric acidity reduction
Gastrin elevation

Pantoprazole, a proton pump inhibitor, effectively reduces intragastric acidity in a dose-dependent manner. In a study involving 11 men, pantoprazole doses of 40 and 60 mg daily significantly increased median 24-hour gastric pH compared to placebo, with a higher effect observed with the higher dose.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

2.

Pharmacodynamic effects of single doses of rabeprazole 20 mg and pantoprazole 40 mg in patients with GERD and nocturnal heartburn.

Author: WarringtonS, BaisleyK, LeeD, LomaxK, DelemosB, BoyceM, MorocuttiA

Increased pH

This open-label, randomized, two-way crossover, clinical pharmacology study compared the antisecretory effects of single doses of rabeprazole and pantoprazole in patients with GERD and a history of nocturnal heartburn. The study found that a single oral dose of rabeprazole 20 mg increased intragastric pH more than pantoprazole 40 mg did throughout the 24 h after dosing.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

3.

Pharmacodynamic evaluation of pantoprazole therapy on clopidogrel effects: results of a prospective, randomized, crossover study.

Author: FerreiroJosé Luis, UenoMasafumi, TomaselloSalvatore D, CapodannoDavide, DesaiBhaloo, DharmashankarKodlipet, SeecheranNaveen, KodaliMurali K, DarlingtonAndrew, PhamJohn-Paul, Tello-MontoliuAntonio, CharltonRonald K, BassTheodore A, AngiolilloDominick J

Assess impact of pantoprazole therapy

This study assessed the impact of high-dose pantoprazole therapy, a proton pump inhibitor, on clopidogrel-mediated pharmacodynamic effects. The study aimed to determine whether the drug interaction between clopidogrel and proton pump inhibitors is a class effect or a drug effect and if timing of drug administration affects the interaction.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

4.

Intragastric pH effect of 20mg of levo-pantoprazole versus 40mg of racemic pantoprazole the first seven days of treatment in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Author: Remes-TrocheJ M, García GarcíaF D, Rojas-LoureiroG, Rivera-GutiérrezX, Reyes-HuertaJ, Amieva-BalmoriM

Gastric pH reduction

Levo-pantoprazole, the S-enantiomer of pantoprazole, is a proton pump inhibitor that has shown to be faster and stronger in animal studies than its racemic formulation. This study aims to evaluate the effects of levo-pantoprazole versus racemic pantoprazole on intragastric pH in humans.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

5.

Using pentamidine to treat cutaneous leishmaniasis in children: a 10-year study in French Guiana.

Author: HeleineMelissa, ElengaNarcisse, NjuieyonFalucar, MartinElise, PiatCamille, PansartChloé, CouppiePierre, HernandezMiguel, DemarMagalie, BlaizotRomain

CL treatment
Pentamidine side effects

This study describes the effectiveness and safety of pentamidine for treating paediatric cutaneous leishmaniasis over a 10-year period. The overall cure rate was 84% after one or two doses.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

7.

An open label randomized clinical trial comparing the safety and effectiveness of one, two or three weekly pentamidine isethionate doses (seven milligrams per kilogram) in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Amazon Region.

Author: GadelhaEllen Priscilla Nunes, RamasawmyRajendranath, da Costa OliveiraBruna, Morais RochaNágila, de Oliveira GuerraJorge Augusto, Allan Villa Rouco da SilvaGeorge, Gabrielle Ramos de MesquitaTirza, Chrusciak Talhari CortezCarolina, Chrusciak TalhariAnette

ACL treatment
Dose discrepancy

The current recommended dose of pentamidine isethionate (PI) for treating cutaneous leishmaniasis in Brazil is 4 mg/kg/daily, which is lower than the dose required to achieve the equivalent therapeutic effect of the original formulation, pentamidine base.

Clinical Trial, Phase IIA Phase II trial is a trial that further evaluates the efficacy and safety of a new drug or treatment, whose safety has been confirmed to some extent in a Phase I trial, in a small number of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

8.

Do bismuth complexes hold promise as antileishmanial drugs?

Author: OngYih Ching, KedzierskiLukasz, AndrewsPhilip C

Antileishmanial activity

This review discusses the development of bismuth-based compounds as potential antileishmanial drugs. Bismuth is less toxic than antimony, which is currently the most effective treatment for leishmaniasis. Bismuth-based compounds may offer a safer and more convenient treatment option.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

9.

Use of the intramuscular route to administer pentamidine isethionate in Leishmania guyanensis cutaneous leishmaniasis increases the risk of treatment failure.

Author: ChristenJacques-Robert, BourreauEliane, DemarMagalie, LightburnEdward, CouppiéPierre, GinouvèsMarine, PrévotGhislaine, GangneuxJean-Pierre, SaviniHélène, de LavalFrank, Pommier de SantiVincent, BriolantSébastien

Pentamidine isethionate failure

This study aimed to identify factors associated with pentamidine isethionate treatment failure in service members with Leishmania guyanensis new world cutaneous leishmaniasis (NWCL).

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

10.

Intralesional Pentamidine: A Novel Therapy for Single Lesions of Bolivian Cutaneous Leishmaniasis.

Author: SotoJaime, PazDavid, RiveroDaniela, SotoPaula, QuispeJorge, ToledoJulia, BermanJonathan

Effective treatment for L. braziliensis
Injection site pain
Local irritation

A new treatment for Leishmania braziliensis lesions, intralesional pentamidine, was found to be as effective as the World Health Organization-recommended treatment, intralesional antimony. Three injections of pentamidine (120 μg/mm(2)lesion area) over 5 days resulted in a 72% cure rate at 6 months, similar to the 73% cure rate with five injections of antimony over 11 days. Pentamidine had fewer side effects than antimony and was easier for patients to take.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

11.

Efficacy and Safety of Pafuramidine versus Pentamidine Maleate for Treatment of First Stage Sleeping Sickness in a Randomized, Comparator-Controlled, International Phase 3 Clinical Trial.

Author: PohligGabriele, BernhardSonja C, BlumJohannes, BurriChristian, MpanyaAlain, LubakiJean-Pierre Fina, MpotoAlfred Mpoo, MununguBlaise Fungula, N'tombePatrick Mangoni, DeoGratias Kambau Manesa, MutantuPierre Nsele, KuikumbiFlorent Mbo, MintwoAlain Fukinsia, MunungiAugustin Kayeye, DalaAmadeu, MachariaStephen, BilengeConstantin Miaka Mia, MesuVictor Kande Betu Ku, FrancoJose Ramon, DituvangaNdinga Dieyi, TidwellRichard R, OlsonCarol A

Sleeping sickness treatment

Pafuramidine, an orally administered drug, shows promise as a treatment for sleeping sickness (human African trypanosomiasis).

Clinical Trial, Phase IIIA Phase III trial is a trial that further rigorously verifies the efficacy and safety of a new drug or treatment, whose efficacy and safety have been confirmed in a Phase II trial, in a large number of patients, and evaluates whether it is superior to existing treatments.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

12.

Refractory hypoglycaemia in a dog infected with Trypanosoma congolense.

Author: DeschampsJack-Yves, DesquesnesMarc, DorsoLaetitia, RavelSophie, BossardGéraldine, CharbonneauMorgane, GarandAnnabelle, RouxFrançoise A

Pentamidine
Trypanosoma congolense treatment
Glucose administration
Hypoglycemia

This case report describes a German shepherd dog presenting with seizures and hyperthermia, diagnosed with Trypanosoma congolense infection. The study highlights the severe and refractory hypoglycemia associated with the infection and the potential for detrimental effects of glucose administration.

Case ReportsIn the medical field, a report that describes in detail a unique case, an unusual medical condition, or the effect of a treatment. Provides new insights and possibilities for treatment through individual patient cases.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

15.

Evaluation of (131)I-pentamidine for scintigraphy of experimentally Leishmania tropica-infected hamsters.

Author: IncebozTonay, LambrechtFatma Yurt, ErenMine Şencan, GirginkardeşlerNogay, BekişRecep, YilmazOsman, ErÖzge, ÖzbilginAhmet

Poor sensitivity

(131)I-Pentamidine scintigraphy showed poor sensitivity in detecting Leishmania tropica infection. The target-to-non-target ratio decreased over time.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

16.

Pharmacokinetics, Trypanosoma brucei gambiense efficacy, and time of drug action of DB829, a preclinical candidate for treatment of second-stage human African trypanosomiasis.

Author: WenzlerTanja, YangSihyung, BraissantOlivier, BoykinDavid W, BrunReto, WangMichael Zhuo

HAT treatment

DB829, a novel aza-diamidine, demonstrated promising preclinical efficacy against Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, the causative agent of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT). Compared to pentamidine, DB829 showed better systemic exposure and faster parasite clearance in mice.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

17.

Liposomal-lupane system as alternative chemotherapy against cutaneous leishmaniasis: macrophage as target cell.

Author: BarrosNeuza B, MigliaccioVanessa, FacundoValdir A, CiancagliniPietro, StábeliRodrigo G, NicoleteRoberto, Silva-JardimIzaltina

Antileishmanial activity

Liposomal lupane has potential as a new treatment for Leishmania amazonensis infection, showing efficacy in infected macrophages.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

18.

Induced resistance to methionyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitors in Trypanosoma brucei is due to overexpression of the target.

Author: RanadeRanae M, GillespieJ Robert, ShibataSayaka, VerlindeChristophe L M J, FanErkang, HolWim G J, BucknerFrederick S

Trypanosomiasis treatment
Drug resistance

This study investigates the potential for resistance to develop against a new class of antiparasitic drugs that target methionyl-tRNA synthetase (MetRS). The study found that resistance against MetRS inhibitors developed more slowly than against clinically used drugs and that resistance was associated with overexpression of MetRS mRNA and gene amplification.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

20.

Cynaropicrin: the first plant natural product with in vivo activity against Trypanosoma brucei.

Author: ZimmermannStefanie, KaiserMarcel, BrunReto, HamburgerMatthias, AdamsMichael

Treats Trypanosoma brucei

This study identified cynaropicrin from Centaurea salmantica L. as a potent inhibitor of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, demonstrating its in vitro and in vivo efficacy against the parasite.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

21.

A randomized clinical trial comparing meglumine antimoniate, pentamidine and amphotericin B for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis by Leishmania guyanensis.

Author: NevesLeandro Ourives, TalhariAnette Chrusciak, GadelhaEllen Priscilla Nunes, Silva JúniorRoberto Moreira da, GuerraJorge Augusto de Oliveira, FerreiraLuiz Carlos de Lima, TalhariSinésio

ATL treatment

American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) is a parasitic disease that is difficult to treat. This study discusses the challenges of ATL treatment, including the limited availability of effective drugs and the need for more clinical trials.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

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