Effective treatment of hiv and pregnancy: A Synthesis of Findings from 123 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major research findings

HIV infection remains a major public health concern in the US. 54 While HIV-infected individuals now benefit from earlier diagnosis and improved treatment options, progress is tempered by large numbers of newly diagnosed patients who are lost to follow-up prior to disease confirmation and linkage to care. 54

HIV infection is still a global public health problem. 109 More than 75% of HIV-infected people are in Africa, and up to 54% are unaware of their HIV status, limiting access to antiretroviral treatment. 109

The scale-up of HIV self-testing (HIVST) in Africa is recommended, but little is known about how this novel approach influences economic outcomes following subsequent antiretroviral treatment (ART) compared with established facility-based HIV testing and counseling (HTC) approaches. 90

Initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) during tuberculosis (TB) treatment remains challenging. 75

treatment summary

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has reduced the morbidity and mortality of patients with HIV/AIDS. 26 A common first-line ART regimen includes a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) and two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). 26 If treatment failure occurs, a change to second-line therapy is necessary. 26

The current recommended antiretroviral treatment is a highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). 49 Although HAART has been associated with improved clinical response to treatment, issues of adherence and viral resistance are major challenges limiting its success. 49 There is a need for an effective and safe first-line regimen, to cope with the ever-increasing incidence of non-adherence and primary resistance. 49 A more recent first-line treatment regimen consists of Tenofovir (TDF, 300 mg) + Emtricitabine (FTC, 200 mg) + Efavirenz (EFV, 600 mg). 49

Integration of HIV care into primary care is a potential strategy to improve access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in high-burden countries. 55

The aim of treatment for HIV disease is prolonging survival and improvement in health-related quality of life. 6 Ritonavir is a potent, orally bioavailable HIV protease inhibitor with demonstrated impact on surrogate endpoints, AIDS-defining disease, and mortality. 6

The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (ART) as treatment for HIV infection has greatly improved mortality and morbidity for adults and children living with HIV around the world. 36 Two common medications given in first-line antiretroviral therapy are the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) stavudine (d4T) or zidovudine (AZT). 36

The advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (ART) has reduced the morbidity and mortality due to HIV infection. 84 The World Health Organization (WHO) ART guidelines focus on three classes of antiretroviral drugs, namely nucleoside or nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) and protease inhibitors. 84 Two of the most common medications given as first-line treatment are the NNRTIs, efavirenz (EFV) and nevirapine (NVP). 84 It is unclear which NNRTI is more efficacious for initial therapy. 84

Standard-of-care antiretroviral therapy (ART) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection uses a combination of drugs, until now considered essential to minimise treatment failure and development of drug resistance. 80 Protease inhibitors (PIs) are potent with a high genetic barrier to resistance and have the potential for use as monotherapy after viral load (VL) suppression achieved on combination therapy. 80 However, longer-term resistance and toxicity risks are uncertain. 80

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is indicated during tuberculosis treatment in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), but the timing for the initiation of ART when tuberculosis is diagnosed in patients with various levels of immune compromise is not known. 45

Programmes that merge management of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) aim to improve HIV/TB co-infected patients' access to comprehensive treatment. 113 However, several reports from sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) indicate suboptimal uptake of antiretroviral therapy (ART) even after integration of HIV and TB treatment. 113 This study assessed ART uptake, its barriers and enablers in programmes integrating TB and HIV treatment in SSA. 113

Global HIV treatment programs have sought to lengthen the interval between clinical encounters for people living with HIV (PLWH) who are established on antiretroviral treatment (ART) to reduce the burden of seeking care and to decongest health facilities. 116 The overall effect of reduced visit frequency on HIV treatment outcomes is however unknown. 116 We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of implementation strategies that reduce the frequency of clinical appointments and ART refills for PLWH established on ART. 116

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is considered the most important intervention for HIV-positive patients; thus, encouraging the use of and adherence to ART are vital to HIV treatment outcomes. 119 Advances in web and mobile technologies hold potential in supporting HIV treatment management. 119

Benefits and risks

Benefit Summary

HAART has been associated with improved clinical response to treatment, but issues of adherence and viral resistance are major challenges limiting its success. 49

Risk Summary

ART is associated with side effects. 6

Comparison between studies

Commonalities of studies

Many studies have shown that ART can improve the survival and quality of life of people with HIV. 6

Differences between studies

The effectiveness and side effects of ART can vary between studies. 6 49

Consistency and inconsistency of results

Many studies have shown that ART is an effective treatment for HIV infection. 6 49 However, the effectiveness and side effects of ART can vary between studies, so further research is needed. 6 49

Considerations for applying research to real life

While ART is an effective treatment for HIV infection, it can have side effects. 6 Therefore, it is important to receive appropriate treatment under the guidance of a doctor. 6

Limitations of current research

Research on ART is still ongoing. 6 Further research will clarify the effectiveness and safety of ART. 6

Directions for future research

It is important to further investigate the effectiveness and safety of ART and to develop new treatments that minimize side effects. 6 49

Conclusion

ART is an effective treatment for HIV infection. 6 However, it can have side effects, so it is important to receive appropriate treatment under the guidance of a doctor. 6 Future research will clarify the effectiveness and safety of ART. 6 49

List of treatments

Antiretroviral therapy (ART)

Keywords
Benefit Keywords
AIDS progression delay
1
Delayed disease progression
Prolonged survival
2
HIV treatment
Immune function preservation
3
Reduced viral burden
Reduced viral replication
4
Improved HIV treatment
5
Improved HIV-related quality of life
Reduced fever symptoms
Reduced neurologic symptoms
6
Improved understanding of HIV treatment
7
Improved understanding of HIV treatment
8
Improved understanding of HIV-associated complications
9
Reduced mortality
Reduced opportunistic events
10
HIV viremia reduction
11
Increased life expectancy
12
HIV-1 RNA reduction
13
Improved HIV treatment
14
HCV treatment
Improved survival
15
HIV/AIDS treatment
16
HIV infection treatment
17
Drug cost savings
Reduced treatment resistance
18
HIV-1 viral suppression
Improved CD4 cell count
19
Reduced morbidity
Reduced mortality
21
CD4 cell count increase
HIV-1 RNA reduction
22
Improved HIV treatment
23
Progression to AIDS/death reduction
24
HIV treatment adherence
Virologic outcomes
25
Reduced morbidity
Reduced mortality
26
Reduced HAART cost
Reduced adverse events
27
Improved adherence
28
HIV treatment
30
HIV treatment efficacy
31
HIV treatment
32
HIV treatment
Reduce MTCT
33
HIV treatment
34
HIV prevention
35
HIV treatment
36
Improved adherence
37
HIV treatment
38
HIV treatment
39
HIV RNA reduction
40
Increased viral suppression
41
Prevention of CMV
Prevention of HSV
Prevention of MAC
Prevention of PCP
Prevention of VZV
Prevention of fungal disease
Prevention of toxoplasmosis
42
Improved HIV/AIDS treatment
43
ART side effect reduction
44
Reduced AIDS-defining illness
Viral suppression
45
Improved HIV-1 treatment
46
Treatment of HIV infection
47
Improved HIV-1 treatment
49
Improved HIV/PMTCT services
51
Palliative care effectiveness
52
Improved HIV-1 prevention
53
Early HIV diagnosis
Improved treatment options
54
Improved HIV survival
55
CD4+ cell count increase
HAART adherence
57
CD4 cell increase
58
Uncommon drug changes
59
Improved immune response
60
MDR-TB treatment
61
Antiretroviral treatment
Reduced HIV transmission
62
Early detection
HIV prevention
63
Improved TB treatment
64
ART adherence
65
Task-shifting care
66
Virologic control
67
Low drug resistance
68
Reduced mortality
69
Improved adherence
70
Reduce HIV infectiousness
72
HIV care access
73
HIV prevention
74
Improved survival
75
High adherence
76
Early ART for TB/HIV
77
Faster depression remission
79
PIs for HIV
80
Improved HIV suppression
81
Improved HIV management
82
Improved tolerance
Viral suppression
83
HIV cure
85
HIV transmission reduction
86
HIV treatment
87
HIV care
88
HIV treatment
89
HIVST cost-effective
Improved QoL with ART
90
Decreased cytokines
91
improved appointment keeping
92
Improved treatment recommendations
93
Improved retention
Increased linkage
Reduced death rate
94
HIV treatment
95
Improved retention
96
HIV treatment
VMMC
97
Reduced HIV infection
Viral suppression
98
Reduced HIV infection
Viral suppression
99
Decreased HIV morbidity
Decreased HIV mortality
100
HIV infectiousness
101
HIV testing
HIV treatment
102
HIV treatment success
103
Adherence facilitation
HIV-1 suppression
105
Improved adherence
Reduced HIV transmission
106
ART initiation
107
HIV treatment
Improved viral suppression
108
Increased testing uptake
109
Community-based ART initiation for HIV
110
Delayed HIV rebound
Lower remission barrier
111
HIV treatment
Tuberculosis treatment
112
Integrated TB and HIV treatment
113
Improved treatment outcomes
Superior ART for HIV-1
114
Implementation strategies for LTFU from HIV services
115
HIV treatment
116
Improved serologic response
117
Viral suppression
118
Improved adherence self-efficacy
Positive mental well-being
119
Improved ART uptake
Viral suppression
120
Effective maintenance therapy
HIV treatment simplification
121
Improved patient outcomes
Novel antiretroviral agents
Reduced mortality
122
Increased HIV viral load suppression
123
Risk Keywords
Anemia
Diarrhea
Leukopenia
Nausea
Skin rash
Vomiting
1
Toxic effects
Zidovudine resistance
2
Drug toxicity
Viral resistance
4
CMV event risk
10
Increased coronary heart disease risk
Reduced quality of life
12
Drug adherence-related factors
14
ART-associated hepatotoxicity
Liver-related mortality
15
Increased adverse events
Increased immune suppression
18
Adverse events
Virologic failure in black patients
19
HIV-1 resistance
20
Adherence problems
Adverse events
HIV resistance
21
AIDS
HIV
23
Increased drug cost
28
Side effects
42
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome
45
Hospitalization
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome
Mortality
48
Increased death risk
50
Loss to follow-up
54
AIDS/Mortality
Safety event
Virologic failure
58
Elevated transaminase levels
Hyperlactataemia
Neuropsychiatric effects
Peripheral neuropathy
Treatment failure
59
HIV-1 infection
62
HIV
65
Antiretroviral therapy
Healthcare worker shortage
66
Hyperbilirubinemia
67
Regional variability
68
Late ART initiation
Late diagnosis
71
None mentioned
73
TB-IRIS
75
Treatment failure
76
Anxiety
Fatigue
Sleep difficulty
Slower depression remission
79
Resistance
Toxicity
80
Discontinuation due to events
83
HIV stigma
86
Bone marrow suppression
Hypersensitivity reactions
93
Cluster limitations
Incremental effectiveness unknown
94
Treatment sustainability
100
Injection-site pain
105
Social harms
109
Suboptimal ART uptake
113
Virologic failure
122
Adverse events
Deaths
123
Literature analysis of 123 papers
Positive Content
115
Neutral Content
3
Negative Content
5
Article Type
73
34
44
39
123
1.

A controlled trial of early versus late treatment with zidovudine in symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus infection. Results of the Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study.

Author: HamiltonJ D, HartiganP M, SimberkoffM S, DayP L, DiamondG R, DickinsonG M, DrusanoG L, EgorinM J, GeorgeW L, GordinF M

AIDS progression delay
Anemia
Diarrhea
Leukopenia
Nausea
Skin rash
Vomiting

Early treatment with zidovudine delayed progression to AIDS in symptomatic HIV-infected patients, but did not improve survival.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.Research funding provided by US government agencies other than the Public Health Service.

Language : English

2.

Zidovudine (Retrovir) update.

Author: RachlisA R

Delayed disease progression
Prolonged survival
Toxic effects
Zidovudine resistance

This review examines the use of zidovudine (AZT) for treating HIV infection. While AZT has been shown to improve survival in patients with AIDS or advanced HIV infection, its effectiveness in earlier stages is less clear. Lower doses of AZT were associated with fewer side effects. AZT has been shown to delay disease progression in patients with early HIV infection and low CD4 counts. While the development of drug resistance has been observed, it is not yet clear how this affects clinical outcomes. The optimal time to start AZT treatment in asymptomatic patients with low CD4 counts remains uncertain. Further research is needed to better understand when to start treatment, how to manage side effects, and the potential for combination therapies.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
GuidelineRecommendations and best practices developed by experts for healthcare professionals to refer to when making clinical judgments and providing care.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

3.

A controlled trial of zidovudine in primary human immunodeficiency virus infection.

Author: Kinloch-De LoësS, HirschelB J, HoenB, CooperD A, TindallB, CarrA, SauratJ H, ClumeckN, LazzarinA, MathiesenL

HIV treatment
Immune function preservation

Antiretroviral therapy administered during primary HIV infection may improve the subsequent clinical course and increase the CD4 cell count. Disease progression was significantly less frequent in the zidovudine group than in the placebo group.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

4.

Issues in combination antiretroviral therapy: a review.

Author: HammerS M, KesslerH A, SaagM S

Reduced viral burden
Reduced viral replication
Drug toxicity
Viral resistance

Combination therapy for HIV infection is being investigated, with the goal of reducing viral replication, delaying drug resistance, and broadening the spectrum of cells and tissues targeted by antiviral agents.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Clinical Trial, Phase IThe first stage of clinical trials in humans. Evaluates the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of a new drug/treatment.
Clinical Trial, Phase IIA Phase II trial is a trial that further evaluates the efficacy and safety of a new drug or treatment, whose safety has been confirmed to some extent in a Phase I trial, in a small number of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

5.

Will we ever know when to treat HIV infection?

Author: PhillipsA N, SmithG D, JohnsonM A

Improved HIV treatment

While antiretroviral drugs have shown promise in treating HIV infection, they are not typically used until signs of immune deficiency appear. This is because previous studies have not shown a benefit of early treatment compared to delaying treatment. However, recent findings suggest that starting treatment earlier may improve survival. A new clinical trial is needed to compare immediate treatment after diagnosis with delayed treatment to determine if early intervention is beneficial.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

6.

A randomized trial of the effect of ritonavir in maintaining quality of life in advanced HIV disease. Advanced HIV Disease Ritonavir Study Group.

Author: CohenC, RevickiD A, NabulsiA, SaroccoP W, JiangP

Improved HIV-related quality of life
Reduced fever symptoms
Reduced neurologic symptoms

This randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial found that ritonavir therapy, combined with other antiretroviral treatments, significantly contributes to maintenance of functioning and well-being over at least 6 months in patients with advanced HIV disease.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

7.

A randomized study comparing triple versus double antiretroviral therapy or no treatment in HIV-1-infected patients in very early stage disease: the Spanish Earth-1 study.

Author: GarcíaF, RomeuJ, GrauI, SambeatM A, DalmauD, KnobelH, Gomez-SirventJ L, ArrizabalagaJ, CrucetaA, ClotetB G, PodzamczerD, PumarolaT, GallartT, O'BrienW A, MiróJ M, GatellJ M

Improved understanding of HIV treatment

Current guidelines suggest starting antiretroviral treatment for HIV infection when the amount of virus in the blood is above 5,000-10,000 copies per milliliter and the number of CD4 cells is above 500 per microliter. However, there is ongoing debate about whether it is better to start treatment earlier or later in the course of the disease.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

8.

[Evaluation of the efficacy of anti-retroviral treatment. Publication of clinical trials].

Author: MallolasJ

Improved understanding of HIV treatment

While medical practice combines science and art, antiretroviral treatment decisions should be based on scientifically validated data from randomized controlled trials. The vast amount of information available can be contradictory, making it crucial to rely on data published in reputable journals that have undergone rigorous peer review. While recent findings presented at conferences are valuable, the peer-review process, though time-consuming, ensures the reliability of published data, especially in a field as rapidly evolving as antiretroviral treatment.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : Spanish

9.

Therapy of special HIV-associated diseases: HCV-HIV-co-infection and AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma - official satellite to the 7th European Conference on Clinical Aspects and Treatment of HIV-infection, October 23, 1999 in Lisbon, Portugal.

Author: GoebelF D, JablonowskiH

Improved understanding of HIV-associated complications

While highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has significantly reduced complications like opportunistic infections and Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) in people with HIV, KS and chronic hepatitis C (CHC) are still considered opportunistic infections caused by other viruses (HHV-8 and HCV, respectively). While KS rates are declining, it remains a serious complication with a high mortality rate. Current treatments for KS need to be evaluated for safety, effectiveness, cost, and quality of life. HIV infection may accelerate liver disease in those with CHC, but HAART does not seem to improve CHC. Until recently, interferon was the only treatment for CHC. However, combining interferon with ribavirin is now more effective for CHC and should be considered for those with both HIV and HCV.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Clinical Trial, Phase IIIA Phase III trial is a trial that further rigorously verifies the efficacy and safety of a new drug or treatment, whose efficacy and safety have been confirmed in a Phase II trial, in a large number of patients, and evaluates whether it is superior to existing treatments.
CongressA conference or meeting where experts in a specific field gather. It provides opportunities for presentations, discussions, and networking, and serves as a place to share expertise and learn about the latest trends in the industry.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

10.

Highly active antiretroviral therapy decreases mortality and morbidity in patients with advanced HIV disease.

Author: MurphyE L, CollierA C, KalishL A, AssmannS F, ParaM F, FlaniganT P, KumarP N, MintzL, WallachF R, NemoG J,

Reduced mortality
Reduced opportunistic events
CMV event risk

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was associated with an independent reduction in mortality and opportunistic events in HIV-infected patients with advanced AIDS and anemia, even in those with very low CD4(+) counts. However, HAART did not reduce new CMV events in patients with CMV infection or disease.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

11.

Nelfinavir, efavirenz, or both after the failure of nucleoside treatment of HIV infection.

Author: AlbrechtM A, BoschR J, HammerS M, LiouS H, KesslerH, ParaM F, EronJ, ValdezH, DehlingerM, KatzensteinD A,

HIV viremia reduction

The study investigated the effectiveness of various antiretroviral treatment regimens for patients with HIV viremia despite nucleoside analogue treatment. Regimens combining two nucleoside analogues with either nelfinavir, efavirenz, or both were evaluated.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Clinical Trial, Phase IIA Phase II trial is a trial that further evaluates the efficacy and safety of a new drug or treatment, whose safety has been confirmed to some extent in a Phase I trial, in a small number of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

12.

Cost-effectiveness implications of the timing of antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected adults.

Author: SchackmanBruce R, FreedbergKenneth A, WeinsteinMilton C, SaxPaul E, LosinaElena, ZhangHong, GoldieSue J

Increased life expectancy
Increased coronary heart disease risk
Reduced quality of life

Cholesterol changes or quality of life associated with antiretroviral therapy do not justify limiting access to early HIV treatment. The effect of fat redistribution symptoms on quality of life will determine the optimal choice of early vs deferred therapy for an individual patient.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

13.

Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in nucleoside-resistant HIV-1 infection: a randomized trial.

Author: SquiresKathleen, PozniakAnton L, PieroneGerald, SteinhartCorklin R, BergerDaniel, BellosNicholaos C, BeckerStephen L, WulfsohnMichael, MillerMichael D, TooleJohn J, CoakleyDion F, ChengAndrew,

HIV-1 RNA reduction

Tenofovir DF significantly reduced HIV-1 RNA levels in treatment-experienced patients with suboptimal viral suppression and had a safety profile similar to placebo.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

14.

Strategies to decrease viral load rebound, and prevent loss of CD4 and onset of resistance during structured treatment interruptions.

Author: FoliAndrea, MaseratiRenato, BarasoloGabriele, CastelliFrancesco, TomasoniLina, MigliorinoMarco, MaggioloFranco, PanAngelo, PaolucciStefania, ScudellerLuigia, TinelliCarmine, D'AquilaRichard, LisziewiczJulianna, LoriFranco

Improved HIV treatment
Drug adherence-related factors

Side effects and difficulties following treatment plans (adherence) can lead to people with HIV stopping their medication. This can cause a decrease in CD4 cells, the development of drug resistance, and a rapid increase in the amount of virus in the blood. However, carefully selecting medications and using structured treatment interruptions (STIs) may help reduce the risk of the virus increasing, maintain CD4 cell counts, and minimize drug resistance.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

15.

Treatment of hepatitis C virus in HIV patients: a review.

Author: KontorinisNickolas, AgarwalKaushik, DieterichDouglas T

HCV treatment
Improved survival
ART-associated hepatotoxicity
Liver-related mortality

HCV infection is a significant issue in HIV-infected individuals, with a rise in liver-related mortality. Treatment of HCV has become a priority due to ART-associated hepatotoxicity in co-infected individuals.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

16.

Stavudine, lamivudine and nevirapine combination therapy for treatment of HIV infection and AIDS in adults.

Author: SiegfriedN L, Van DeventerP J U, MahomedF A, RutherfordG W

HIV/AIDS treatment

This study examines the effectiveness, long-term impact, and tolerability of a common HIV/AIDS treatment regimen consisting of nevirapine (NVP), stavudine (d4T), and lamivudine (3TC). This regimen is widely used, especially in countries with limited resources. The study aims to provide information for healthcare providers, patients, and policymakers on the benefits and drawbacks of this treatment approach.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

17.

Structured treatment interruptions (STI) in chronic unsuppressed HIV infection in adults.

Author: PaiN P, LawrenceJ, ReingoldA L, TulskyJ P

HIV infection treatment

This review examines the use of structured treatment interruptions (STI) in HIV-infected patients with persistent viral levels due to drug-resistant virus. STI involves stopping HIV treatment for a set period in a controlled setting with various goals, including: allowing non-resistant virus to reappear, preventing further drug resistance, reducing treatment fatigue and side effects, and improving quality of life.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

18.

CD4-guided scheduled treatment interruptions compared with continuous therapy for patients infected with HIV-1: results of the Staccato randomised trial.

Author: AnanworanichJintanat, Gayet-AgeronAngèle, Le BrazMichelle, PrasithsirikulWisit, ChetchotisakdPloenchan, KiertiburanakulSasisopin, MunsakulWarangkana, RaksakulkarnPhitsanu, TansuphasawasdikulSomboon, SirivichayakulSunee, CavassiniMatthias, KarrerUrs, GennéDaniel, NüeschReto, VernazzaPietro, BernasconiEnos, LeducDominic, SatchellClaudette, YerlySabine, PerrinLuc, HillAndrew, PernegerThomas, PhanuphakPraphan, FurrerHansjakob, CooperDavid, RuxrungthamKiat, HirschelBernard,

Drug cost savings
Reduced treatment resistance
Increased adverse events
Increased immune suppression

Scheduled treatment interruptions for HIV-1 infection resulted in substantial drug savings and no evidence of increased treatment resistance. Treatment-related adverse events were more frequent with continuous treatment, but low CD4 counts and minor manifestations of HIV infection were more frequent with scheduled treatment interruption.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

19.

Three- vs four-drug antiretroviral regimens for the initial treatment of HIV-1 infection: a randomized controlled trial.

Author: GulickRoy M, RibaudoHeather J, ShikumaCecilia M, LalamaChristina, SchackmanBruce R, MeyerWilliam A, AcostaEdward P, SchoutenJeffrey, SquiresKathleen E, PilcherChristopher D, MurphyRobert L, KoletarSusan L, CarlsonMargrit, ReichmanRichard C, BastowBarbara, KlingmanKarin L, KuritzkesDaniel R,

HIV-1 viral suppression
Improved CD4 cell count
Adverse events
Virologic failure in black patients

A three-drug antiretroviral regimen (zidovudine/lamivudine plus efavirenz) was as effective as a four-drug regimen (zidovudine/lamivudine/abacavir plus efavirenz) in treatment-naive patients with HIV-1 infection. Both regimens resulted in HIV-1 RNA levels less than 50 copies/mL in approximately 80% of patients after three years.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

20.

A randomized trial of treatment interruption before optimized antiretroviral therapy for persons with drug-resistant HIV: 48-week virologic results of ACTG A5086.

Author: BensonConstance A, VaidaFlorin, HavlirDiane V, DowneyGerald F, LedermanMichael M, GulickRoy M, GlesbyMarshall J, WantmanMichael, BixbyChristian J, RinehartAlex R, SnyderSally, WangRui, PatelSheran, MellorsJohn W,

HIV-1 resistance

A 16-week structured treatment interruption (STI) before optimized ART did not improve virologic response in patients with drug-resistant HIV-1.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

21.

CD4+ count-guided interruption of antiretroviral treatment.

Author: , El-SadrW M, LundgrenJ D, NeatonJ D, GordinF, AbramsD, ArduinoR C, BabikerA, BurmanW, ClumeckN, CohenC J, CohnD, CooperD, DarbyshireJ, EmeryS, FätkenheuerG, GazzardB, GrundB, HoyJ, KlingmanK, LossoM, MarkowitzN, NeuhausJ, PhillipsA, RappoportC

Reduced morbidity
Reduced mortality
Adherence problems
Adverse events
HIV resistance

Episodic antiretroviral therapy, based on CD4+ cell count, increased the risk of opportunistic disease or death from any cause compared to continuous therapy. Episodic therapy did not reduce the risk of adverse events associated with antiretroviral therapy.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

22.

Week 24 efficacy and safety of TMC114/ritonavir in treatment-experienced HIV patients.

Author: HaubrichRichard, BergerDan, ChiliadePhilippe, ColsonAmy, ConantMarcus, GallantJoel, WilkinTimothy, NadlerJeffrey, PieroneGerald, SaagMichael, van BaelenBen, LefebvreEric,

CD4 cell count increase
HIV-1 RNA reduction

TMC114/r treatment resulted in greater virological and immunological responses in ART-experienced patients compared with CPI at 24 weeks.

Clinical Trial, Phase IIA Phase II trial is a trial that further evaluates the efficacy and safety of a new drug or treatment, whose safety has been confirmed to some extent in a Phase I trial, in a small number of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

23.

Gender distribution of adult patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in Southern Africa: a systematic review.

Author: MuulaAdamson S, NgulubeThabale J, SiziyaSeter, MakupeCecilia M, UmarEric, ProzeskyHans Walter, WiysongeCharles S, MatayaRonald H

Improved HIV treatment
AIDS
HIV

HIV and AIDS are major public health challenges in southern Africa, with over 10% of adults infected in many countries. While access to antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is increasing, there are concerns that women may face more barriers to accessing treatment programs than men.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

25.

Superiority of directly administered antiretroviral therapy over self-administered therapy among HIV-infected drug users: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial.

Author: AlticeFrederick L, MaruDuncan Smith-Rohrberg, BruceR Douglas, SpringerSandra A, FriedlandGerald H

HIV treatment adherence
Virologic outcomes

Directly administered antiretroviral therapy (DAART) significantly improved 6-month virologic outcomes in HIV-infected drug users compared to self-administered therapy. A greater proportion of patients in the DAART group achieved the primary outcome (70.5% vs. 54.7%), with a larger mean reduction in HIV-1 RNA levels and mean increase in CD4+ T lymphocyte counts.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

26.

Antiretroviral regimens for patients with HIV who fail first-line antiretroviral therapy.

Author: HumphreysE H, HernandezL B, RutherfordG W

Reduced morbidity
Reduced mortality

Treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has significantly reduced illness and death in people with HIV/AIDS. A common initial HAART regimen includes a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) and two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). When this treatment fails, a change to a second-line therapy is necessary.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

27.

Costs of intermittent versus continuous antiretroviral therapy in patients with controlled HIV infection: a substudy of the ANRS 106 Window Trial.

Author: CharreauIsabelle, JeanblancGrégoire, TangrePhilippe, BoyerLaurence, SaouzanetMarine, MarchouBruno, MolinaJean Michel, AboulkerJean Pierre, Durand-ZaleskiIsabelle,

Reduced HAART cost
Reduced adverse events

This cost study analyzed the impact of an intermittent treatment (IT) strategy compared to continuous treatment (CT) in HIV-1 infected adults receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Four hundred three patients were randomized to either IT or CT. While the primary endpoint (proportion of patients with CD4 cell count below 300 cells per microliter) was not significantly different between groups, IT resulted in a 40% reduction in HAART medication costs without increasing costs related to adverse events or consultations.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

28.

Effect of incentives for medication adherence on health care use and costs in methadone patients with HIV.

Author: BarnettPaul G, SorensenJames L, WongWynnie, HaugNancy A, HallSharon M

Improved adherence
Increased drug cost

Voucher incentives for on-time adherence to antiretroviral therapy in HIV-positive methadone patients increased adherence by 22%. The incremental direct cost of the intervention was $292 per month.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

29.

HIV infection.

Author: TalbotMartin

After contracting HIV, most people experience 8-10 years without symptoms before their immune system weakens and they develop AIDS. Without treatment, about half of infected people die from AIDS within 10 years. Treatment improves outcomes, with survival dependent on factors like age, immune cell count, and initial viral load.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

30.

A combination drug of abacavir-lamivudine-zidovudine (Trizivir) for treating HIV infection and AIDS.

Author: SheyMuki, KongnyuyEugene J, ShangJudith, WiysongeCharles Shey

HIV treatment

HIV has become a major global health challenge, affecting 33.2 million people worldwide in 2007. Current HIV treatment recommendations include either a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) or a ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor (PI) combined with two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). However, these options may not be suitable for all patients.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

31.

Quantifying the treatment efficacy of reverse transcriptase inhibitors: new analyses of clinical data based on within-host modeling.

Author: BrebanRomulus, NapravnikSonia, KahnJames, BlowerSally

HIV treatment efficacy

New efficacy measures for evaluating the efficacy of combination reverse transcriptase inhibitors in HIV treatment are proposed. These measures include the CD4 gain per virion eliminated, the potential of CD4 count restoration, and the viral reproduction number (R0).

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

32.

Optimal time for initiation of antiretroviral therapy in asymptomatic, HIV-infected, treatment-naive adults.

Author: SiegfriedNandi, UthmanOlalekan A, RutherfordGeorge W

HIV treatment

Treatment for HIV is typically recommended based on the level of a specific type of immune cell (CD4 count), rather than the amount of virus in the blood. People with advanced HIV symptoms should begin treatment regardless of their CD4 count. However, there is no clear consensus on the best time to start treatment for people without symptoms. Guidelines differ based on resource availability, making it difficult for doctors and policymakers to decide when treatment should start. Balancing individual needs with broader public health concerns is crucial when determining the best time to start HIV treatment.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

33.

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) for treating HIV infection in ART-eligible pregnant women.

Author: SturtAmy S, DokuboEmily Kainne, SintTin Tin

HIV treatment
Reduce MTCT

This systematic review focuses on antiretroviral therapy (ART) for treating HIV infection in ART-eligible pregnant women.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

34.

Antiretroviral regimens for patients with HIV who fail first-line antiretroviral therapy.

Author: HumphreysEliza H, ChangLarry W, HarrisJamal

HIV treatment

Treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has significantly reduced illness and death in people with HIV/AIDS. A common initial HAART regimen in low-resource settings includes a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) and two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). When this treatment fails, a change to a second-line therapy is necessary.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

35.

Home-based HIV voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) for improving uptake of HIV testing.

Author: BateganyaMoses, AbdulwadudOmar A, KieneSusan M

HIV prevention

This study discusses the low uptake of HIV voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) and the potential of home-based VCT to increase testing rates, improve access to treatment, and prevent new infections.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

36.

Stavudine or zidovudine in three-drug combination therapy for initial treatment of HIV infection in antiretroviral-naïve individuals.

Author: SpauldingAlicen, RutherfordGeorge W, SiegfriedNandi

HIV treatment

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV infection has significantly improved survival and health outcomes for people with HIV worldwide. Two common medications used as initial HIV treatment are the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) stavudine (d4T) and zidovudine (AZT).

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

37.

Improving coping skills for self-management of treatment side effects can reduce antiretroviral medication nonadherence among people living with HIV.

Author: JohnsonMallory O, DilworthSamantha E, TaylorJonelle M, NeilandsTorsten B

Improved adherence

A randomized controlled trial of 249 HIV+ individuals on antiretroviral therapy (ART) with high levels of ART side effect distress found that a 5-session intervention focusing on coping skills for ART side effects significantly improved ART adherence. Intervention participants were less likely to report nonadherence and more likely to seek information and support for managing side effects.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

38.

Tenofovir or zidovudine in three-drug combination therapy with one nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and one non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor for initial treatment of HIV infection in antiretroviral-naïve individuals.

Author: SpauldingAlicen, RutherfordGeorge W, SiegfriedNandi

HIV treatment

Treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly improved survival and health outcomes for people with HIV globally. Two common medications used in initial HIV treatment are zidovudine (AZT) and tenofovir (TDF), which both block the HIV virus from replicating.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

39.

Efavirenz or nevirapine in three-drug combination therapy with two nucleoside-reverse transcriptase inhibitors for initial treatment of HIV infection in antiretroviral-naïve individuals.

Author: MbuagbawLawrence Ce, IrlamJames H, SpauldingAlicen, RutherfordGeorge W, SiegfriedNandi

HIV treatment

While HAART has significantly improved HIV outcomes, it's unclear which of the two most common first-line NNRTIs, efavirenz (EFV) and nevirapine (NVP), is more effective in initial HIV treatment.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

40.

Costs to achieve undetectable HIV RNA with darunavir-containing highly active antiretroviral therapy in highly pretreated patients: the POWER experience.

Author: HillAndrew M, ClotetBonaventura, JohnsonMargaret, StollMatthias, BellosNicholas, SmetsErik

HIV RNA reduction

Darunavir/ritonavir (DRV/r) was a cost-effective treatment option for highly treatment-experienced patients with HIV-1 infection. Compared to control protease inhibitor (PI)-based HAART, DRV/r was associated with a 73-78% lower cost of achieving undetectable plasma HIV-RNA levels.

Clinical Trial, Phase IIA Phase II trial is a trial that further evaluates the efficacy and safety of a new drug or treatment, whose safety has been confirmed to some extent in a Phase I trial, in a small number of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

41.

Study design and participant characteristics of a randomized controlled trial of directly administered antiretroviral therapy in opioid treatment programs.

Author: MullenBernadette Anna, CookKatie, MooreRichard D, RandCynthia, GalaiNoya, McCaulMary E, GlassSheldon, OurslerKrisann K, LucasGregory M

Increased viral suppression

This study investigates the potential of directly administered antiretroviral therapy (DAART) delivered in opioid treatment programs (OTPs) to improve viral suppression rates in HIV-infected drug users.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

42.

HIV: primary and secondary prophylaxis for opportunistic infections.

Author: AbergJudith, PowderlyWilliam

Prevention of CMV
Prevention of HSV
Prevention of MAC
Prevention of PCP
Prevention of VZV
Prevention of fungal disease
Prevention of toxoplasmosis
Side effects

Prophylaxis against opportunistic infections is effective in people with HIV infection and a CD4 count less than 250/mm(3). This review presents information on the effectiveness and safety of various interventions, including aciclovir, antituberculosis prophylaxis, atovaquone, azithromycin, clarithromycin, fluconazole, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

43.

Retention in HIV care between testing and treatment in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review.

Author: RosenSydney, FoxMatthew P

Improved HIV/AIDS treatment

This systematic review examines pre-ART retention in care in Africa, aiming to improve outcomes of HIV/AIDS treatment programs in resource-limited settings.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.Research funding provided by US government agencies other than the Public Health Service.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

44.

Mindfulness-based stress reduction for HIV treatment side effects: a randomized, wait-list controlled trial.

Author: DuncanLarissa G, MoskowitzJudith Tedlie, NeilandsTorsten B, DilworthSamantha E, HechtFrederick M, JohnsonMallory O

ART side effect reduction

In a randomized controlled trial of 76 people living with HIV who were actively taking ART and reported distress from ART-related side effects, those who participated in a Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) program experienced a reduction in both the frequency and distress associated with ART-related side effects compared to a wait-list control group.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

45.

Timing of antiretroviral therapy for HIV-1 infection and tuberculosis.

Author: HavlirDiane V, KendallMichelle A, IvePrudence, KumwendaJohnstone, SwindellsSusan, QasbaSarojini S, LuetkemeyerAnne F, HoggEvelyn, RooneyJames F, WuXingye, HosseinipourMina C, LallooUmesh, VelosoValdilea G, SomeFatuma F, KumarasamyN, PadayatchiNesri, SantosBreno R, ReidStewart, HakimJames, MohapiLerato, MugyenyiPeter, SanchezJorge, LamaJavier R, PapeJean W, SanchezAlejandro, AsmelashAida, MokoEvans, SaweFred, AndersenJanet, SanneIan,

Reduced AIDS-defining illness
Viral suppression
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome

Earlier ART did not reduce the rate of new AIDS-defining illness and death, as compared with later ART. In persons with CD4+ T-cell counts of less than 50 per cubic millimeter, earlier ART was associated with a lower rate of new AIDS-defining illnesses and death.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

46.

WITHDRAWN. Effectiveness and safety of first-line tenofovir + emtricitabine + efavirenz for patients with HIV.

Author: OmejeInnocent, OkwunduCharles I

Improved HIV-1 treatment

This study discusses the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in treating HIV infection, acknowledging its improved clinical response but also highlighting challenges related to adherence and viral resistance. It examines a newer first-line treatment regimen consisting of Tenofovir (TDF) + Emtricitabine (FTC) + Efavirenz (EFV).

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

47.

Considerations in the rationale, design and methods of the Strategic Timing of AntiRetroviral Treatment (START) study.

Author: BabikerAbdel G, EmerySean, FätkenheuerGerd, GordinFred M, GrundBirgit, LundgrenJens D, NeatonJames D, PettSarah L, PhillipsAndrew, TouloumiGiota, VjechajMichael J,

Treatment of HIV infection

Untreated HIV infection causes a decrease in a type of immune cell (CD4 count), leading to infections and AIDS. Recent research suggests that HIV also increases the risk of other serious illnesses, including heart, kidney, and liver disease, and certain cancers. While combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly improved health outcomes, it does not eliminate the virus. The best time to start ART for people with HIV who are not experiencing symptoms is still debated and is a critical question in managing HIV infection.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

48.

Time to initiate antiretroviral therapy between 4 weeks and 12 weeks of tuberculosis treatment in HIV-infected patients: results from the TIME study.

Author: ManosuthiWeerawat, MankatithamWiroj, LueangniyomkulAroon, ThongyenSupeda, LikanonsakulSirirat, SuwanvattanaPawita, ThawornwanUnchana, SuntisuklapponBusakorn, NilkamhangSamruay, SungkanuparphSomnuek,

Hospitalization
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome
Mortality

Immediate initiation of ART in HIV-infected patients with active TB was not associated with survival advantage compared to initiation at 12 weeks of TB treatment.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

49.

WITHDRAWN: Effectiveness and safety of first-line tenofovir + emtricitabine + efavirenz for patients with HIV.

Author: OmejeInnocent, OkwunduCharles I

Improved HIV-1 treatment

This study discusses the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in treating HIV infection, acknowledging its effectiveness but also highlighting challenges related to adherence and viral resistance. It explores a newer first-line treatment regimen consisting of Tenofovir (TDF) + Emtricitabine (FTC) + Efavirenz (EFV).

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

50.

Male sex and the risk of mortality among individuals enrolled in antiretroviral therapy programs in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: DruytsEric, DybulMark, KantersSteve, NachegaJean, BirungiJosephine, FordNathan, ThorlundKristian, NeginJoel, LesterRichard, YayaSanni, MillsEdward J

Increased death risk

Men receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Africa have a lower proportion of enrollment and a higher risk of death compared to women receiving ART.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

51.

The study of HIV and antenatal care integration in pregnancy in Kenya: design, methods, and baseline results of a cluster-randomized controlled trial.

Author: TuranJanet M, SteinfeldRachel L, OnonoMaricianah, BukusiElizabeth A, WoodsMeghan, ShadeStarley B, WashingtonSierra, MarimaReson, PennerJeremy, AckersMarta L, Mbori-NgachaDorothy, CohenCraig R

Improved HIV/PMTCT services

While HIV treatments are effective for improving the health of women with HIV and preventing transmission to their babies, HIV remains a major health problem in sub-Saharan Africa. Currently, prenatal care and HIV treatment are often offered in separate clinics. Combining these services could lead to more people using services, quicker treatment starts, better adherence to treatment, and less stigma.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

52.

Treatment outcomes in palliative care: the TOPCare study. A mixed methods phase III randomised controlled trial to assess the effectiveness of a nurse-led palliative care intervention for HIV positive patients on antiretroviral therapy.

Author: LowtherKeira, SimmsVictoria, SelmanLucy, SherrLorraine, GwytherLiz, KariukiHellen, AhmedAabid, AliZipporah, JenkinsRachel, HigginsonIrene J, HardingRichard

Palliative care effectiveness

People with HIV/AIDS on antiretroviral therapy (ART) often face physical, mental, and spiritual challenges. While guidelines emphasize a holistic approach, including palliative care, throughout their journey, the effectiveness of this approach for those already receiving ART has not been rigorously studied.

Clinical Trial, Phase IIIA Phase III trial is a trial that further rigorously verifies the efficacy and safety of a new drug or treatment, whose efficacy and safety have been confirmed in a Phase II trial, in a large number of patients, and evaluates whether it is superior to existing treatments.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

53.

Heterosexual HIV-1 infectiousness and antiretroviral use: systematic review of prospective studies of discordant couples.

Author: BaggaleyRebecca F, WhiteRichard G, HollingsworthT Déirdre, BoilyMarie-Claude

Improved HIV-1 prevention

While studies have estimated how much HIV treatment reduces the risk of transmission, well-controlled trials with strict adherence guidance may overestimate the effectiveness of treatment-as-prevention in real-world settings.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

54.

Missed opportunities: refusal to confirm reactive rapid HIV tests in the emergency department.

Author: GanguliIshani, CollinsJamie E, ReichmannWilliam M, LosinaElena, KatzJeffrey N, ArbelaezChristian, Donnell-FinkLaurel A, WalenskyRochelle P

Early HIV diagnosis
Improved treatment options
Loss to follow-up

Women, younger participants, African Americans, and those with fewer HIV risks, lower income, and without primary care doctors were more likely to refuse confirmatory HIV testing following a reactive rapid HIV test.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

55.

Integration of HIV care into primary care in South Africa: effect on survival of patients needing antiretroviral treatment.

Author: UebelKerry E, LombardCarl, JoubertGina, FairallLara R, BachmannMax O, MollentzeWillie F, van RensburgDingie, WoutersEdwin

Improved HIV survival

The study determined the effect of integration of HIV care into primary care on survival of patients needing ART. Integration of HIV care was associated with improved survival.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

56.

Co-formulated abacavir-lamivudine-zidovudine for initial treatment of HIV infection and AIDS.

Author: SheyMuki S, KongnyuyEugene J, AlobwedeSamuel M, WiysongeCharles Shey

This review examines the use of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) and ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitors (PIs) for initiating HIV treatment. While these regimens are commonly used, some patients may not be suitable for these treatments.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

57.

Adherence counseling and reminder text messages improve uptake of antiretroviral therapy in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria.

Author: MadukaO, Tobin-WestC I

CD4+ cell count increase
HAART adherence

Adherence counseling and text message reminders improved adherence among HIV patients.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

58.

Hepatitis C virus/HIV coinfection and responses to initial antiretroviral treatment.

Author: HuaLei, AndersenJanet W, DaarEric S, GlesbyMarshall J, HollabaughKimberly, TierneyCamlin

CD4 cell increase
AIDS/Mortality
Safety event
Virologic failure

Hepatitis C virus (HCV)/HIV coinfection is associated with attenuated response to antiretroviral treatment (ART), including earlier virologic failure, smaller CD4 cell increases, and increased risk of AIDS/death.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

59.

Changes to antiretroviral drug regimens during integrated TB-HIV treatment: results of the SAPiT trial.

Author: NaidooAnushka, NaidooKogieleum, Yende-ZumaNonhlanhla, GengiahTanuja N, PadayatchiNesri, GrayAndrew L, BamberSheila, NairGonasagrie, KarimSalim S Abdool

Uncommon drug changes
Elevated transaminase levels
Hyperlactataemia
Neuropsychiatric effects
Peripheral neuropathy
Treatment failure

In a study of 501 patients co-infected with tuberculosis and HIV, drug changes in combination antiretroviral therapy were uncommon. Only 14 patients experienced drug switches due to toxicity and 25 patients required complete regimen changes due to virological failure. Treatment failure was more common in patients with severe immunosuppression, highlighting the need for careful monitoring of these individuals.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

60.

Immunological and virological benefits resulted from short-course treatment during primary HIV infection: a meta-analysis.

Author: ChenJingjing, HanXiaoxu, AnMinghui, LiuJing, XuJunjie, GengWenqing, JiYangtao, ShangHong

Improved immune response

This study examines the immunological and virological effects of short-course antiretroviral treatment during primary HIV infection (PHI). The study also investigates whether treatment initiation time, duration, and follow-up time after treatment interruption impact these post-treatment immunovirological outcomes.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

61.

Improved survival in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients receiving integrated tuberculosis and antiretroviral treatment in the SAPiT Trial.

Author: PadayatchiN, Abdool KarimS S, NaidooK, GroblerA, FriedlandG

MDR-TB treatment

Early initiation of antiretroviral treatment (ART) in patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) resulted in a significantly lower mortality rate compared to sequential treatment.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.Research funding provided by US government agencies other than the Public Health Service.

Language : English

62.

Effects of early versus delayed initiation of antiretroviral treatment on clinical outcomes of HIV-1 infection: results from the phase 3 HPTN 052 randomised controlled trial.

Author: GrinsztejnBeatriz, HosseinipourMina C, RibaudoHeather J, SwindellsSusan, EronJoseph, ChenYing Q, WangLei, OuSan-San, AndersonMaija, McCauleyMarybeth, GambleTheresa, KumarasamyNagalingeshwaran, HakimJames G, KumwendaJohnstone, PilottoJose H S, GodboleSheela V, ChariyalertsakSuwat, de MeloMarineide Gonçalves, MayerKenneth H, EshlemanSusan H, Piwowar-ManningEstelle, MakhemaJoseph, MillsLisa A, PanchiaRavindre, SanneIan, GallantJoel, HoffmanIrving, TahaTaha E, Nielsen-SainesKarin, CelentanoDavid, EssexMax, HavlirDiane, CohenMyron S,

Antiretroviral treatment
Reduced HIV transmission
HIV-1 infection

Antiretroviral treatment for HIV-1 infection has significantly reduced AIDS-related morbidity and mortality. This study compares the effects of starting antiretroviral treatment early versus later on clinical outcomes. Previous research found that early treatment reduced HIV-1 transmission by 96%, and this study aims to investigate further benefits of early treatment.

Clinical Trial, Phase IIIA Phase III trial is a trial that further rigorously verifies the efficacy and safety of a new drug or treatment, whose efficacy and safety have been confirmed in a Phase II trial, in a large number of patients, and evaluates whether it is superior to existing treatments.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

63.

A systematic review of HIV testing among Canadian populations.

Author: HaShalane, PaquetteDana, TarasukJill, DoddsJeff, Gale-RoweMargaret, BrooksJames I, KimJohn, WongTom

Early detection
HIV prevention

Regular HIV testing and early treatment can prevent disease progression and transmission. This review examines HIV testing coverage in Canada, focusing on populations disproportionately affected by HIV.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

64.

Early versus delayed initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy for HIV-positive adults with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis (TB-HAART): a prospective, international, randomised, placebo-controlled trial.

Author: MfinangaSayoki G, KirengaBruce J, ChandaDuncan M, MutayobaBeatrice, MthiyaneThuli, YimerGetnet, EzechiOliver, ConnollyCathy, KapotweVincent, MuwongeCatherine, MassagaJulius, SinkalaEdford, KohiWanze, LyantumbaLucinda, NyakoojoGrace, LuwagaHenry, DoullaBasra, MzyeceJudith, KapataNathan, VahediMahnaz, MwabaPeter, EgwagaSaidi, AdatuFrancis, PymAlex, JolobaMoses, RustomjeeRoxana, ZumlaAlimuddin, OnyebujohPhilip

Improved TB treatment

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is recommended for all HIV-positive patients with tuberculosis, but evidence for early initiation is limited. This study investigates the impact of ART initiation timing on tuberculosis treatment outcomes in patients with higher CD4 counts.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.Research funding provided by US government agencies other than the Public Health Service.

Language : English

65.

Interventions to improve adherence to antiretroviral therapy: a rapid systematic review.

Author: ChaiyachatiKrisda H, OgbuojiOsondu, PriceMatthew, SutharAmitabh B, NegussieEyerusalem K, BärnighausenTill

ART adherence
HIV

This review examines interventions to improve adherence to antiretroviral treatment (ART) in HIV-positive patients. With HIV now a chronic disease, sustained high adherence to ART is crucial for long-term success. The review summarizes evidence-based interventions for improving adherence, including individual-level approaches and changes to ART delivery.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

66.

Task shifting from doctors to non-doctors for initiation and maintenance of antiretroviral therapy.

Author: KredoTamara, AdeniyiFolasade B, BateganyaMoses, PienaarElizabeth D

Task-shifting care
Antiretroviral therapy
Healthcare worker shortage

This review examines if task-shifting HIV care from doctors to non-doctors provides safe and effective treatment for all patients needing antiretroviral therapy. The review aims to inform current and future HIV care programs, particularly in areas with high disease burden and limited access to trained doctors.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

67.

Efficacy and tolerability of 3 nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-sparing antiretroviral regimens for treatment-naive volunteers infected with HIV-1: a randomized, controlled equivalence trial.

Author: LennoxJeffrey L, LandovitzRaphael J, RibaudoHeather J, OfotokunIghovwerha, NaLumine H, GodfreyCatherine, KuritzkesDaniel R, SagarManish, BrownTodd T, CohnSusan E, McComseyGrace A, AweekaFrancesca, FichtenbaumCarl J, PrestiRachel M, KoletarSusan L, HaasDavid W, PattersonKristine B, BensonConstance A, BaughBryan P, LeavittRandi Y, RooneyJames F, SeekinsDaniel, CurrierJudith S,

Virologic control
Hyperbilirubinemia

Three antiretroviral regimens were evaluated for virologic efficacy and tolerability in treatment-naive HIV-infected persons. Over 2 years, all three regimens attained high and equivalent rates of virologic control. Tolerability of regimens containing raltegravir or ritonavir-boosted darunavir was superior to that of the ritonavir-boosted atazanavir regimen.

Clinical Trial, Phase IIIA Phase III trial is a trial that further rigorously verifies the efficacy and safety of a new drug or treatment, whose efficacy and safety have been confirmed in a Phase II trial, in a large number of patients, and evaluates whether it is superior to existing treatments.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

68.

The prevalence of HIV-1 drug resistance among antiretroviral treatment naïve individuals in mainland China: a meta-analysis.

Author: SuYingying, ZhangFujie, LiuHuixin, SmithM Kumi, ZhuLin, WuJing, WangNing

Low drug resistance
Regional variability

The pooled prevalence of transmitted HIV drug resistance in China was 3.64%. Rates were higher in Beijing city, and Henan and Hubei provinces. Men who have sex with men had a relatively large proportion of protease inhibitor resistance.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

69.

The impact of antiretroviral therapy on mortality in HIV positive people during tuberculosis treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: OdoneAnna, AmadasiSilvia, WhiteRichard G, CohenTheodore, GrantAlison D, HoubenRein M G J

Reduced mortality

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) reduced the risk of death during tuberculosis treatment by around three-fifths in HIV-positive individuals.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

70.

A Peer-Led HIV Medication Adherence Intervention Targeting Adults Linked to Medical Care but without a Suppressed Viral Load.

Author: EnriquezMaithe, ChengAn-Lin, BanderasJulie, FarnanRose, ChertoffKeyna, HayesDeana, OrtegoGerry, MorenoJose, PetersonJane, McKinseyDavid

Improved adherence

A peer-led HIV medication adherence intervention significantly improved adherence among adults who had experienced repeated non-adherence to HIV treatment.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

71.

Trends in CD4 count at presentation to care and treatment initiation in sub-Saharan Africa, 2002-2013: a meta-analysis.

Author: SiednerMark J, NgCourtney K, BassettIngrid V, KatzIngrid T, BangsbergDavid R, TsaiAlexander C

Late ART initiation
Late diagnosis

CD4 counts at presentation to care and at ART initiation in sub-Saharan Africa have not increased over the past decade, highlighting the need to address barriers to HIV care.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

72.

Transmission risk behaviour at enrolment in participants in the INSIGHT Strategic Timing of AntiRetroviral Treatment (START) trial.

Author: RodgerA J, LampeF C, GrulichA E, FisherM, FriedlandG, PhanuphakN, BognerJ R, PereiraL C, RietmeijerC, BurmanW, PhillipsA N,

Reduce HIV infectiousness

This study describes the baseline self-reported risk behaviors of ART-naïve participants in the Strategic Timing of AntiRetroviral Treatment (START) trial, focusing on condomless sex in HIV-positive individuals.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

73.

Service delivery interventions to improve adolescents' linkage, retention and adherence to antiretroviral therapy and HIV care.

Author: MacPhersonPeter, MunthaliChigomezgo, FergusonJane, ArmstrongAlice, KranzerKatharina, FerrandRashida A, RossDavid A

HIV care access
None mentioned

This review examines the effectiveness of service delivery interventions for improving adolescents' access to HIV care services, including linkage to antiretroviral therapy (ART), retention in care, and adherence to ART.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

74.

The effect of sexually transmitted co-infections on HIV viral load amongst individuals on antiretroviral therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: ChampredonDavid, BellanSteven E, DelvaWim, HuntSpencer, ShiChyun-Fung, SmiejaMarek, DushoffJonathan

HIV prevention

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) can significantly reduce the spread of HIV. While testing and treatment programs are being promoted to reduce HIV transmission, it's unclear how other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), which increase the risk of spreading HIV in untreated people, might affect the effectiveness of treatment as a prevention strategy.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

75.

Optimal Timing of Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation for HIV-Infected Adults With Newly Diagnosed Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Author: UthmanOlalekan A, OkwunduCharles, GbengaKayode, VolminkJimmy, DowdyDavid, ZumlaAlimuddin, NachegaJean B

Improved survival
TB-IRIS

This meta-analysis evaluated the evidence from randomized controlled trials on the timing of antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation in HIV-infected adults with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). The study found that early ART initiation reduced mortality compared with delayed ART initiation in patients with CD4+ T-cell counts less than 0.050 × 109 cells/L. However, early ART initiation was associated with a higher incidence of TB-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS).

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

76.

Long-term Virological Outcomes of First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV-1 in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Author: BoenderT Sonia, SigaloffKim C E, McMahonJames H, KiertiburanakulSasisopin, JordanMichael R, BarcaroloJhoney, FordNathan, Rinke de WitTobias F, BertagnolioSilvia

High adherence
Treatment failure

More than 11.7 million people in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are currently receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). Efforts are needed to ensure high levels of adherence and minimize treatment failure to achieve long-term virological suppression.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

77.

The Effect of Early Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy in TB/HIV-Coinfected Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Author: AbaySolomon M, DeribeKebede, RedaAyalu A, BiadgilignSibhatu, DatikoDaniel, AssefaTigist, ToddMaja, DeribewAmare

Early ART for TB/HIV

This systematic review and meta-analysis examines the impact of early antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation for tuberculosis (TB) and HIV-coinfected patients. The study investigates whether initiating ART within 2-4 weeks of TB treatment improves treatment outcomes for this population.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

78.

A Randomized Trial of Time-Limited Antiretroviral Therapy in Acute/Early HIV Infection.

Author: MargolickJoseph B, ApuzzoLinda, SingerJoel, WongHubert, LeeTerry, GallantJoel E, El-HelouPhillippe, LoutfyMona R, RachlisAnita, FraserChristopher, KasperKenneth, TremblayCécile, TossonianHarout, ConwayBrian

A study of 113 people with documented HIV infection of less than 12 months' duration found no significant benefit from administration of a brief, time-limited (12-month) course of ART in acute or early HIV infection. The study compared a group who received immediate ART with a group who received observation and deferred ART. The treatment-free interval was about 18 months in both groups.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

79.

Predictors of depression recovery in HIV-infected individuals managed through measurement-based care in infectious disease clinics.

Author: SowaNathaniel A, BengtsonAngela, GaynesBradley N, PenceBrian W

Faster depression remission
Anxiety
Fatigue
Sleep difficulty
Slower depression remission

Comorbid anxiety with or without substance abuse was associated with a slower time to depression remission in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) treated in HIV clinics. Targeting anxiety or fatigue at the time of antidepressant initiation or sleep difficulty, anxiety, and fatigue at 8 weeks post initiation could shorten the time to remission.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

80.

The Protease Inhibitor Monotherapy Versus Ongoing Triple Therapy (PIVOT) trial: a randomised controlled trial of a protease inhibitor monotherapy strategy for long-term management of human immunodeficiency virus infection.

Author: PatonNicholas I, StöhrWolfgang, OddershedeLars, Arenas-PintoAlejandro, WalkerSimon, SculpherMark, DunnDavid T

PIs for HIV
Resistance
Toxicity

The study explores the potential for protease inhibitors (PIs) as monotherapy for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection after viral load suppression achieved on combination therapy, considering the advantages and uncertainties of this approach.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

81.

Effect of Patient Navigation With or Without Financial Incentives on Viral Suppression Among Hospitalized Patients With HIV Infection and Substance Use: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Author: MetschLisa R, FeasterDaniel J, GoodenLauren, MathesonTim, StitzerMaxine, DasMoupali, JainMamta K, RodriguezAllan E, ArmstrongWendy S, LucasGregory M, NijhawanAnk E, DrainoniMari-Lynn, HerreraPatricia, Vergara-RodriguezPamela, JacobsonJeffrey M, MugaveroMichael J, SullivanMeg, DaarEric S, McMahonDeborah K, FerrisDavid C, LindbladRobert, VanVeldhuisenPaul, OdenNeal, CastellónPedro C, TrossSusan, HaynesLouise F, DouaihyAntoine, SorensenJames L, MetzgerDavid S, MandlerRaul N, ColfaxGrant N, del RioCarlos

Improved HIV suppression

This research investigated the effectiveness of patient navigation and financial incentives in improving HIV-1 viral suppression rates among patients with substance use disorders. The study explored whether these interventions could improve engagement in treatment and care.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

82.

Individuals motivated to participate in adherence, care and treatment (imPACT): development of a multi-component intervention to help HIV-infected recently incarcerated individuals link and adhere to HIV care.

Author: GolinCarol E, KnightKevin, Carda-AutenJessica, GouldMichele, GrovesJennifer, L WhiteBecky, Bradley-BullSteve, AmolaKemi, FrayNiasha, RosenDavid L, MugavaroMichael J, PenceBrian W, FlynnPatrick M, WohlDavid

Improved HIV management

Health officials are promoting a "seek, test, treat, and retain" strategy to improve HIV care and treatment, particularly in prisons where many people with HIV struggle to stay in care and maintain healthy viral levels after release.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

83.

Comparative efficacy and safety of first-line antiretroviral therapy for the treatment of HIV infection: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Author: KantersSteve, VitoriaMarco, DohertyMeg, SociasMaria Eugenia, FordNathan, ForrestJamie I, PopoffEvan, BansbackNick, NsanzimanaSabin, ThorlundKristian, MillsEdward J

Improved tolerance
Viral suppression
Discontinuation due to events

Newer drug classes of antiretrovirals were found to be more effective and safer than older treatments for HIV.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

84.

Efavirenz or nevirapine in three-drug combination therapy with two nucleoside or nucleotide-reverse transcriptase inhibitors for initial treatment of HIV infection in antiretroviral-naïve individuals.

Author: MbuagbawLawrence, MursleenSara, IrlamJames H, SpauldingAlicen B, RutherfordGeorge W, SiegfriedNandi

This systematic review examines the comparative effectiveness of efavirenz (EFV) and nevirapine (NVP), two common first-line non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) for HIV treatment. The study aims to determine which NNRTI is more effective for initial therapy.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

85.

Post-treatment control or treated controllers? Viral remission in treated and untreated primary HIV infection.

Author: MartinGenevieve E, GossezMorgane, WilliamsJames P, StöhrWolfgang, MeyerowitzJodi, LeitmanEllen M, GoulderPhilip, PorterKholoud, FidlerSarah, FraterJohn,

HIV cure

A cure for HIV means being able to stop antiretroviral therapy (ART) without the virus returning. To understand how well new treatments for HIV cure work, it's essential to know how well the body naturally controls the virus and how ART affects the virus after treatment is stopped.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

86.

Evaluation of the Tsima community mobilization intervention to improve engagement in HIV testing and care in South Africa: study protocol for a cluster randomized trial.

Author: LippmanSheri A, PettiforAudrey, RebomboDumisani, JulienAimée, WagnerRyan G, Kang DufourMi-Suk, KabudulaChodziwadziwa Whiteson, NeilandsTorsten B, TwineRhian, GottertAnn, Gómez-OlivéF Xavier, TollmanStephen M, SanneIan, PeacockDean, KahnKathleen

HIV transmission reduction
HIV stigma

This study discusses the potential of community mobilization (CM) to activate Treatment as Prevention (TasP) for HIV in high prevalence countries like South Africa.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.Research funding provided by US government agencies other than the Public Health Service.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

88.

Seek, test, treat: substance-using women in the HIV treatment cascade in South Africa.

Author: WechsbergWendee M, van der HorstCharles, NdiranguJacqueline, DohertyIrene A, KlineTracy, BrowneFelicia A, BelusJennifer M, NanceRobin, ZuleWilliam A

HIV care

Women in South Africa who use alcohol and other drugs face challenges in accessing HIV care, making it difficult for them to be diagnosed, start treatment, and adhere to it. This study examines factors that influence HIV status, recent HIV diagnoses, and the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in this population.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

89.

Simplified clinical algorithm for identifying patients eligible for immediate initiation of antiretroviral therapy for HIV (SLATE): protocol for a randomised evaluation.

Author: RosenSydney, FoxMatthew P, LarsonBruce A, BrennanAlana T, MaskewMhairi, TsikhutsuIsaac, BiiMargaret, EhrenkranzPeter D, VenterWd Francois

HIV treatment

Many African countries are now offering HIV treatment to everyone with the virus, regardless of their immune system strength. To make this successful, millions of people need to start treatment quickly. However, many people who need treatment never receive their first dose due to a complicated process that involves multiple clinic visits over several weeks.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

90.

Economic Costs and Health-Related Quality of Life Outcomes of HIV Treatment After Self- and Facility-Based HIV Testing in a Cluster Randomized Trial.

Author: MaheswaranHendramoorthy, PetrouStavros, MacPhersonPeter, KumwendaFelistas, LallooDavid G, CorbettElizabeth L, ClarkeAileen

HIVST cost-effective
Improved QoL with ART

HIV self-testing (HIVST) is recommended, but little is known about its economic impact on subsequent antiretroviral treatment (ART). In this study, there was no significant difference in economic outcomes between HIVST participants and those who received facility-based HIV testing and counseling (HTC).

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

91.

Exercise improves cytokine profile in HIV-infected people: A randomized clinical trial.

Author: PedroRafael Evangelista, CandidoNadia, GuarigliaDébora Alves, MeloBruno Pereira, BertoliniDennis Armando, PeresSidney Barnabé, Franzói de MoraesSolange Marta

Decreased cytokines

Short-term exercise is able to decrease the levels of IL-5, IL-8, and IL-10 in HIV-infected people undergoing ART.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

92.

A group randomized trial using an appointment system to improve adherence to ART at reproductive and child health clinics implementing Option B+ in Tanzania.

Author: Ross-DegnanDennis, ChalkerJohn, LianaJafary, KajokaMwikemo Deborah, ValimbaRichard, KimattaSuleiman, DillipAngel, Vialle-ValentinCatherine, EmbreyMartha, LieberRachel, JohnsonKeith

improved appointment keeping

This group randomized controlled trial evaluated the impact of implementing paper-based appointment tracking and community outreach systems on appointment-keeping and medication adherence among women on antiretroviral therapy in Tanzania. The study found that the intervention significantly improved appointment-keeping and suggests scaling up the approach to all antiretroviral therapy clinics in Tanzania.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

93.

Zidovudine/Lamivudine vs. Abacavir/Lamivudine vs. Tenofovir/Emtricitabine in fixed-dose combinations as initial treatment for HIV patients: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Author: Alzate AngelJuan Carlos, Duque MolinaMarcela María, García GarcíaHéctor Iván

Improved treatment recommendations
Bone marrow suppression
Hypersensitivity reactions

This systematic review and network meta-analysis compared the efficacy and safety of three antiretroviral drug combinations for the initial treatment of HIV: Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate / Emtricitabine (TDF/FTC), Abacavir / Lamivudine (ABC/3TC), and Zidovudine / Lamivudine (ZDV/3TC). The study found no significant differences in effectiveness between the combinations. However, the study noted the heterogeneity of the third drug and the follow-up time between studies, suggesting the need for further research.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

94.

Effectiveness of a combination strategy for linkage and retention in adult HIV care in Swaziland: The Link4Health cluster randomized trial.

Author: McNairyMargaret L, LambMatthew R, GachuhiAverie B, Nuwagaba-BiribonwohaHarriet, BurkeSean, MazibukoSikhathele, OkelloVelephi, EhrenkranzPeter, SahaboRuben, El-SadrWafaa M

Improved retention
Increased linkage
Reduced death rate
Cluster limitations
Incremental effectiveness unknown

A combination strategy inclusive of 5 evidence-based interventions aimed at multiple steps in the HIV care continuum was associated with significant increase in linkage to care plus 12-month retention. The combination intervention strategy increased the primary outcome (linkage to care within 1 month plus retention in care at 12 months) from 43% in the standard of care group to 64% in the combination intervention strategy group.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

95.

Effectiveness of Protease Inhibitor/Nucleos(t)ide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor-Based Second-line Antiretroviral Therapy for the Treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Author: StockdaleAlexander J, SaundersMatthew J, BoydMark A, BonnettLaura J, JohnstonVictoria, WandelerGilles, SchoffelenAnnelot F, CiaffiLaura, StaffordKristen, CollierAnn C, PatonNicholas I, GerettiAnna Maria

HIV treatment

This abstract highlights the need for outcome data on second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) in sub-Saharan Africa to inform policy decisions in the face of growing need for this treatment.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

96.

A multi-site community randomized trial of community health workers to provide counseling and support for patients newly entering HIV care in rural Ethiopia: study design and baseline implementation.

Author: LifsonAlan R, WorknehSale, HailemichaelAbera, MacLehoseRichard F, HorvathKeith J, HilkRose, FabianLindsey, SitesAnne, ShenieTibebe

Improved retention

A community randomized trial using community health workers (CHWs) to improve retention in HIV care was successfully launched in southern Ethiopia, but required flexibility to adapt to unforeseen challenges.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

97.

The effect of demand-side financial incentives for increasing linkage into HIV treatment and voluntary medical male circumcision: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials in low- and middle-income countries.

Author: ChokoAugustine T, CandfieldSophie, MaheswaranHendramoothy, LepineAurelia, CorbettElizabeth Lucy, FieldingKatherine

HIV treatment
VMMC

Connecting people with HIV to treatment is crucial to reducing HIV transmission. Voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) has also been shown to significantly reduce HIV transmission. However, only about half of people newly diagnosed with HIV receive treatment, let alone preventive measures like VMMC.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

98.

Effect of Universal Testing and Treatment on HIV Incidence - HPTN 071 (PopART).

Author: HayesRichard J, DonnellDeborah, FloydSian, MandlaNomtha, BwalyaJustin, SabapathyKalpana, YangBlia, PhiriMwelwa, SchaapAb, EshlemanSusan H, Piwowar-ManningEstelle, KosloffBarry, JamesAnelet, SkallandTimothy, WilsonEthan, EmelLynda, MacleodDavid, DunbarRory, SimwingaMusonda, MakolaNozizwe, BondVirginia, HoddinottGraeme, MooreAyana, GriffithSam, Deshmane SistaNirupama, VermundSten H, El-SadrWafaa, BurnsDavid N, HargreavesJames R, HauckKatharina, FraserChristophe, ShanaubeKwame, BockPeter, BeyersNulda, AylesHelen, FidlerSarah,

Reduced HIV infection
Viral suppression

A combination prevention intervention with ART provided according to local guidelines resulted in a 30% lower incidence of HIV infection compared to standard care. Universal testing and treatment reduced the population-level incidence of HIV infection in this trial setting.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

99.

HIV Testing and Treatment with the Use of a Community Health Approach in Rural Africa.

Author: HavlirDiane V, BalzerLaura B, CharleboisEdwin D, ClarkTamara D, KwarisiimaDalsone, AyiekoJames, KabamiJane, SangNorton, LieglerTeri, ChamieGabriel, CamlinCarol S, JainVivek, KadedeKevin, AtukundaMucunguzi, RuelTheodore, ShadeStarley B, SsemmondoEmmanuel, ByonanebyeDathan M, MwangwaFlorence, OwaraganiseAsiphas, OliloWinter, BlackDouglas, SnymanKatherine, BurgerRachel, GetahunMonica, AchandoJackson, AwuondaBenard, NakatoHellen, KirondeJoel, OkirorSamuel, ThirumurthyHarsha, KossCatherine, BrownLillian, MarquezCarina, SchwabJoshua, LavoyGeoff, PlentyAlbert, Mugoma WafulaErick, OmanyaPatrick, ChenYea-Hung, RooneyJames F, BaconMelanie, van der LaanMark, CohenCraig R, BukusiElizabeth, KamyaMoses R, PetersenMaya

Reduced HIV infection
Viral suppression

Universal HIV treatment did not significantly reduce the incidence of HIV infection compared to standard care, but did lead to higher rates of viral suppression, a lower risk of death, and better hypertension control.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

100.

Magnitude and causes of first-line antiretroviral therapy regimen changes among HIV patients in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: AtaroZerihun, MotbaynorBirhanu, WeldegebrealFitsum, SisayMekonnen, TesfaTewodros, MitikuHabtamu, MaramiDadi, TeklemariamZelalem, ShewameneZewdneh

Decreased HIV morbidity
Decreased HIV mortality
Treatment sustainability

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has greatly improved the health and survival of people with HIV/AIDS. Changing HIV treatment regimens is a major challenge, particularly in areas with limited resources, where treatment options are often limited.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

101.

Impact of early antiretroviral treatment on sexual behaviour: a randomised comparison.

Author: LampeFiona C, RodgerAlison J, BurmanWilliam, GrulichAndrew, FriedlandGerald, SadrWafaa El, NeatonJames, CorbelliGiulio M, EmerySean, MolinaJean Michel, OrkinChloe, GatellJose, GerstoftJan, RuxrungthamKiat, Barbosa de SouzaMonica, PhillipsAndrew N,

HIV infectiousness

Early antiretroviral therapy (ART) did not affect condomless sex with HIV-serodifferent partners among men who have sex with men (MSM), but resulted in a modestly higher prevalence among heterosexuals. However, early ART resulted in a substantial reduction in HIV-transmission-risk sex among both MSM and heterosexuals, to a very low absolute level.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

102.

Zwakala Ndoda: a cluster and individually randomized trial aimed at improving testing, linkage, and adherence to treatment for hard-to reach men in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

Author: van RooyenHeidi, MakushaTawanda, JosephPhillip, NgubaneThulani, KulichMichal, SweatMichael, CoatesThomas

HIV testing
HIV treatment

This research highlights the significant disparities in HIV testing and treatment access between men and women in sub-Saharan Africa, aiming to provide evidence-based strategies to improve HIV care for men.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

103.

The long-term effects of a family based economic empowerment intervention (Suubi+Adherence) on suppression of HIV viral loads among adolescents living with HIV in southern Uganda: Findings from 5-year cluster randomized trial.

Author: SsewamalaFred M, DvalishviliDarejan, MellinsClaude A, GengElvin H, MakumbiFredderick, NeilandsTorsten B, McKayMary, DamuliraChristopher, NabunyaProscovia, Sensoy BaharOzge, NakigoziGertrude, KigoziGodfrey, ByansiWilliam, MukasaMiriam, NamuwongeFlavia

HIV treatment success

Adolescents living with HIV (ALWHIV) in Africa have lower retention and viral suppression rates compared to adults. This review highlights the urgent need for tailored strategies to improve treatment outcomes for ALWHIV, as HIV remains the leading cause of mortality in this group.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

104.

Addition of Maraviroc Versus Placebo to Standard Antiretroviral Therapy for Initial Treatment of Advanced HIV Infection: A Randomized Trial.

Author: LévyYves, LelièvreJean-Daniel, AssoumouLambert, AznarEsther, PulidoFederico, TambussiGiuseppe, CrespoManuel, MeybeckAgnès, MolinaJean-Michel, DelaugerreConstance, IzopetJacques, PeytavinGilles, CardonFanny, DialloAlpha, LancarRémi, BéniguelLydie, CostagliolaDominique

The study found that adding maraviroc to standard combined antiretroviral therapy (c-ART) did not improve clinical outcomes in patients initiating therapy for advanced HIV infection. The study suggests that maraviroc is not beneficial for patients with advanced HIV disease at diagnosis.

Clinical Trial, Phase IIIA Phase III trial is a trial that further rigorously verifies the efficacy and safety of a new drug or treatment, whose efficacy and safety have been confirmed in a Phase II trial, in a large number of patients, and evaluates whether it is superior to existing treatments.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

105.

Long-Acting Cabotegravir and Rilpivirine for Maintenance of HIV-1 Suppression.

Author: SwindellsSusan, Andrade-VillanuevaJaime-Federico, RichmondGary J, RizzardiniGiuliano, BaumgartenAxel, MasiáMar, LatiffGulam, PokrovskyVadim, BredeekFritz, SmithGraham, CahnPedro, KimYeon-Sook, FordSusan L, TalaricoChristine L, PatelParul, ChountaVasiliki, CrauwelsHerta, ParysWim, VanveggelSimon, MrusJoseph, HuangJenny, HarringtonConn M, HudsonKrischan J, MargolisDavid A, SmithKimberly Y, WilliamsPeter E, SpreenWilliam R

Adherence facilitation
HIV-1 suppression
Injection-site pain

This study found that monthly injections of long-acting cabotegravir and rilpivirine were noninferior to standard oral therapy for maintaining HIV-1 suppression. While injection-related adverse events were common, they only infrequently led to medication withdrawal.

Clinical Trial, Phase IIIA Phase III trial is a trial that further rigorously verifies the efficacy and safety of a new drug or treatment, whose efficacy and safety have been confirmed in a Phase II trial, in a large number of patients, and evaluates whether it is superior to existing treatments.
Equivalence TrialA clinical trial designed to show that a new treatment is equivalent in efficacy/safety to an existing treatment.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

106.

Preliminary Effects of a Mobile Interactive Supervised Therapy Intervention on People Living With HIV: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Author: PangYan, MoltonJames Steven, OoiWei Tsang, PatonNicholas Iain, HeHong-Gu

Improved adherence
Reduced HIV transmission

This pilot randomized controlled trial evaluated the efficacy of a mobile app, Mobile Interactive Supervised Therapy (MIST), for improving adherence to oral HIV medications. The study found that MIST did not significantly improve adherence, but participants perceived it as a beneficial tool.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

107.

Systematic or Test-Guided Treatment for Tuberculosis in HIV-Infected Adults.

Author: BlancFrançois-Xavier, BadjeAnani D, BonnetMaryline, GabillardDelphine, MessouEugène, MuzooraConrad, SamrethSovannarith, NguyenBang D, BorandLaurence, DomergueAnaïs, RapoudDelphine, NatukundaNaome, ThaiSopheak, JuchetSylvain, EholiéSerge P, LawnStephen D, DomouaSerge K, AnglaretXavier, LaureillardDidier,

ART initiation

In areas with high rates of tuberculosis and HIV, many people with HIV start antiretroviral therapy (ART) when they are already very sick. Unfortunately, many of these patients die after starting ART, often from tuberculosis or severe bacterial infections.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

108.

Community-based antiretroviral therapy versus standard clinic-based services for HIV in South Africa and Uganda (DO ART): a randomised trial.

Author: BarnabasRuanne V, SzpiroAdam A, van RooyenHeidi, AsiimweStephen, PillayDeenan, WareNorma C, SchaafsmaTorin T, KrowsMeighan L, van HeerdenAlastair, JosephPhilip, ShahmaneshMaryam, WyattMonique A, SausiKombi, TuryamureebaBosco, SitholeNsika, MorrisonSusan, ShapiroAdrienne E, RobertsD Allen, ThomasKatherine K, KooleOlivier, BershteynAnna, EhrenkranzPeter, BaetenJared M, CelumConnie,

HIV treatment
Improved viral suppression

Community-based delivery of antiretroviral therapy for HIV could improve viral suppression rates, particularly among men who are less likely to achieve viral suppression than women.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

109.

The effects of HIV self-testing on the uptake of HIV testing, linkage to antiretroviral treatment and social harms among adults in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: NjauBernard, DamianDamian J, AbdullahiLeila, BoulleAndrew, MathewsCatherine

Increased testing uptake
Social harms

This systematic review evaluated the impact of HIV self-testing (HIVST) in adults in Africa. The study found that HIVST significantly increased the uptake of HIV testing compared to standard HIV testing services. Offering HIVST with optional home initiation of HIV care compared to HIVST with facility-based HIV care increased HIV positivity and linkage to antiretroviral treatment. Reported incidences of intimate partner violence related to HIVST were rare.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

110.

Effects of community-based antiretroviral therapy initiation models on HIV treatment outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: Eshun-WilsonIngrid, AwotiwonAjibola A, GermannAshley, AmankwaaSophia A, FordNathan, SchwartzSheree, BaralStefan, GengElvin H

Community-based ART initiation for HIV

This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the impact of community-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation on HIV treatment outcomes. Offering ART initiation in the community could improve linkage to care, reduce congestion in healthcare facilities, and address barriers to accessing HIV services for people living with HIV.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

111.

Time to Viral Rebound After Interruption of Modern Antiretroviral Therapies.

Author: LiJonathan Z, AgaEvgenia, BoschRonald J, PilkintonMark, KroonEugène, MacLarenLynsay, KeeferMichael, FoxLawrence, BarrLiz, AcostaEdward, AnanworanichJintanat, CoombsRobert, MellorsJohn W, LandayAlan L, MacatangayBernard, DeeksSteven, GandhiRajesh T, SmithDavey M

Delayed HIV rebound
Lower remission barrier

A study of 45 participants who interrupted antiretroviral therapy (ART) after achieving viral suppression found that early ART initiation, regardless of the ART regimen used (older or newer), was associated with a significant delay in time to HIV rebound. This suggests that early ART initiation lowers the barrier for HIV remission.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

112.

What is the optimum time to start antiretroviral therapy in people with HIV and tuberculosis coinfection? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: BurkeRachael M, RickmanHannah M, SinghVindi, CorbettElizabeth L, AylesHelen, JahnAndreas, HosseinipourMina C, WilkinsonRobert J, MacPhersonPeter

HIV treatment
Tuberculosis treatment

This study examined whether starting antiretroviral therapy (ART) sooner after beginning treatment for tuberculosis improves outcomes in people newly diagnosed with both HIV and TB. The study aims to determine if starting ART within two weeks of beginning TB treatment is beneficial.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

113.

Barriers to and enablers of uptake of antiretroviral therapy in integrated HIV and tuberculosis treatment programmes in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: KadiaBenjamin Momo, DimalaChristian Akem, FongwenNoah T, SmithAdrian D

Integrated TB and HIV treatment
Suboptimal ART uptake

This study investigated barriers and enablers to antiretroviral therapy (ART) uptake in programs that integrate tuberculosis (TB) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) treatment in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Despite efforts to improve access to comprehensive care for HIV/TB co-infected patients, ART uptake remains suboptimal in several regions of SSA.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

114.

Dolutegravir as First- or Second-Line Treatment for HIV-1 Infection in Children.

Author: TurkovaAnna, WhiteEllen, MujuruHilda A, KekitiinwaAdeodata R, KityoCissy M, ViolariAvy, LugemwaAbbas, CresseyTim R, MusokePhilippa, VariavaEbrahim, CottonMark F, ArcharyMoherndran, PuthanakitThanyawee, BehuhumaOsee, KobbeRobin, WelchSteven B, Bwakura-DangarembiziMutsa, AmugePauline, KaudhaElizabeth, Barlow-MoshaLinda, MakumbiShafic, RamsagarNastassja, NgampiyaskulChaiwat, MusoroGodfrey, AtwineLorna, LibertyAfaaf, MusiimeVictor, BbuyeDickson, AhimbisibweGrace M, ChalermpantmetagulSuwalai, AliShabinah, SarfatiTatiana, WynneBen, ShakeshaftClare, ColbersAngela, KleinNigel, BernaysSarah, SaïdiYacine, CoelhoAlexandra, GrosseleTiziana, CompagnucciAlexandra, GiaquintoCarlo, RojoPablo, FordDeborah, GibbDiana M,

Improved treatment outcomes
Superior ART for HIV-1

Dolutegravir-based antiretroviral treatment (ART) was superior to standard care in children and adolescents starting first- or second-line ART for HIV-1 infection. This open-label, randomized, noninferiority trial found that dolutegravir-based ART led to a lower proportion of participants experiencing virologic or clinical treatment failure while maintaining a similar safety profile.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Equivalence TrialA clinical trial designed to show that a new treatment is equivalent in efficacy/safety to an existing treatment.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

115.

Interventions to reengage people living with HIV who are lost to follow-up from HIV treatment programs: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: MirzazadehAli, Eshun-WilsonIngrid, ThompsonRyan R, BonyaniAtousa, KahnJames G, BaralStefan D, SchwartzSheree, RutherfordGeorge, GengElvin H

Implementation strategies for LTFU from HIV services

This systematic review explored implementation strategies for re-engaging and retaining people living with HIV (PLWH) who had been lost to follow-up (LTFU) from HIV services. Optimizing services to facilitate engagement and retention in HIV care is crucial for improving outcomes and reducing transmission.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

116.

Evaluation of HIV treatment outcomes with reduced frequency of clinical encounters and antiretroviral treatment refills: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: Le TourneauNoelle, GermannAshley, ThompsonRyan R, FordNathan, SchwartzSheree, BeresLaura, ModyAaloke, BaralStefan, GengElvin H, Eshun-WilsonIngrid

HIV treatment

This study evaluated the effects of reduced visit frequency and ART refill intervals on HIV treatment outcomes. The systematic review and meta-analysis found that implementation strategies that reduced appointment and refill frequency did not negatively affect HIV treatment outcomes.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

117.

Investigating latent syphilis in HIV treatment-experienced Ethiopians and response to therapy.

Author: GirmaSelamawit, AmogneWondwossen

Improved serologic response

Latent syphilis infection was more prevalent in men than women, suggesting a need to investigate sexual practices and the impact of antenatal syphilis screening. Doxycycline is an alternative to benzathine penicillin G and cART improves serologic response to latent syphilis treatment.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

118.

INSTIs for the management of HIV-associated TB (INSIGHT study): a phase 2b study to evaluate the efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetics of a combination of bictegravir, emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide fumarate for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in patients with drug-susceptible tuberculosis on a rifampicin-based treatment regimen: a phase 2b open-label randomised controlled trial.

Author: NaidooAnushka, DooleyKelly E, NaidooKogieleum, PadayatchiNesri, Yende-ZumaNonhlanhla, PerumalRubeshan, DorseGillian, BoodhramResha, OsualaEmmanuella Chinonso

Viral suppression

This study is a phase 2b, open-label, non-comparative randomized controlled trial to assess the antiretroviral activity of a fixed-drug, single tablet, combination of bictegravir (BIC) 50 mg/emtricitabine (FTC) 200 mg/tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) 25 mg (Biktarvy) in HIV-positive ART-naïve patients with TB who are receiving a rifampicin-based treatment regimen. The primary objective is to determine the efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetics of two times per day, coformulated BIC 50 mg/FTC 200 mg/TAF 25 mg. 120 patients will be enrolled and randomized in a 2:1 ratio to the intervention or control arm of the study.

Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

119.

Efficacy of a Mobile Phone-Based Intervention on Health Behaviors and HIV/AIDS Treatment Management: Randomized Controlled Trial.

Author: TranBach Xuan, BuiThu Minh, DoAnh Linh, BoyerLaurent, AuquierPascal, NguyenLong Hoang, NguyenAnh Hai Tran, NgoToan Van, LatkinCarl A, ZhangMelvyn W B, HoCyrus S H, HoRoger C M

Improved adherence self-efficacy
Positive mental well-being

This study evaluated the feasibility and efficacy of a theory-based mobile health (mHealth) intervention on health behaviors and HIV treatment adherence among patients with HIV/AIDS in Vietnam. The study found that the mHealth app could improve the overall ART adherence self-efficacy of patients. The adherence score increased significantly after 1 month and HIV adherence self-efficacy was significantly higher after 3 months compared to the control group. Factors related to positive change in adherence were being employed and having stable mental well-being. Factors associated with self-efficacy in treatment adherence and symptom management were gender, occupation, younger age, and having no other underlying conditions. A longer duration of ART increased treatment adherence but decreased self-efficacy in symptom management.

Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

120.

Universal HIV Testing and Treatment With Patient-Centered Care Improves ART Uptake and Viral Suppression Among Adults Reporting Hazardous Alcohol Use in Uganda and Kenya.

Author: PuryearSarah B, AyiekoJames, HahnJudith A, MucunguziAtukunda, OwaraganiseAsiphas, SchwabJoshua, BalzerLaura B, KwarisiimaDalsone, CharleboisEdwin D, CohenCraig R, BukusiElizabeth A, PetersenMaya L, HavlirDiane V, KamyaMoses R, ChamieGabriel

Improved ART uptake
Viral suppression

This community cluster-randomized trial investigated the impact of patient-centered HIV care on antiretroviral therapy (ART) uptake and viral suppression in people with HIV (PWH) reporting hazardous alcohol use. The intervention arm, which included annual population HIV testing, universal ART, and patient-centered care, resulted in higher ART uptake and suppression among PWH with hazardous alcohol use compared to the control arm. The patient-centered approach may effectively decrease barriers to HIV care for PWH with hazardous alcohol use.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

121.

Tenofovir alafenamide plus dolutegravir as a switch strategy in HIV-infected patients: a pilot randomized controlled trial.

Author: AlavianGolbarg, AbbasianLadan, KhaliliHossein, AlinaghiSeyed Ahmad Seyed, HasannezhadMalihe, AshtianiMasoumeh Farrokh, ManshadiSeyed Ali Dehghan

Effective maintenance therapy
HIV treatment simplification

Treatment simplification with tenofovir alafenamide plus dolutegravir regimen as maintenance therapy was non-inferior in terms of efficacy and safety compared to the standard triple therapy in virologically suppressed people living with HIV. The study involved 630 participants and lasted 48 weeks.

Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

122.

Current ARTs, Virologic Failure, and Implications for AIDS Management: A Systematic Review.

Author: FokaFrank Eric Tatsing, MufhanduHazel Tumelo

Improved patient outcomes
Novel antiretroviral agents
Reduced mortality
Virologic failure

This review discusses the challenges of virologic failure in long-term management of HIV-infected individuals receiving antiretroviral therapies (ARTs) and explores strategies for prevention and management.

Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

123.

Rapid access to antiretroviral therapy, receipt of naltrexone, and strengths-based case management versus standard of care for HIV viral load suppression in people with HIV who inject drugs in Russia (LINC-II): an open-label, randomised controlled trial.

Author: SametJeffrey H, BlokhinaElena, ChengDebbie M, RosenSydney, LioznovDmitry, LunzeKarsten, TruongVe, GnatienkoNatalia, QuinnEmily, BusharaNatalia, RajAnita, KrupitskyEvgeny

Increased HIV viral load suppression
Adverse events
Deaths

This randomized controlled trial evaluated a multicomponent intervention for linking people with HIV in addiction treatment to HIV care. The intervention significantly increased the odds of HIV viral load suppression at 12 months (47% vs 23% in the standard-of-care group), highlighting its potential to advance UNAIDS goals.

Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

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