Effective treatment of alzheimer's disease: A Synthesis of Findings from 94 Studies

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Original Abstract of the Article

Major research findings

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia, and while there are some drug and non-drug therapies that can slow disease progression or prevent cognitive deterioration, 91 states that more treatment options still need to be explored.

A comprehensive approach to treating AD and related dementias (ADRD) involves not only pharmacologic treatment but also managing existing medical conditions and lifestyle modifications including diet, cognitive training, and exercise. 93 emphasizes the need for personalized, multimodal therapies to effectively prevent and treat AD.

Currently, no causal therapies exist for AD, but four drugs, namely donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine, and memantine, have been licensed for treating the symptoms of the disease. 21 mentions these drugs are designed to alleviate symptoms but do not slow down or prevent the progression of the disease.

Memantine is the first drug to demonstrate clinical benefit in treating moderately-severe to severe AD. 12 highlights its ability to enhance autonomy in patients with this stage of the disease.

Gene therapy shows promise in treating AD. 72 suggests its potential to restore cognitive function.

Dementia is a progressive syndrome characterized by deterioration in memory, thinking, and behavior, impairing the ability to perform daily activities. 85 notes that two classes of drugs, cholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil, galantamine, and rivastigmine) and memantine, are widely licensed for treating dementia caused by AD.

Apathy is a prevalent symptom in AD, but no treatment has proven effective, although cholinesterase inhibitors have shown moderate short-term improvements. 58 outlines this challenge.

Music therapy has emerged as a non-pharmacological treatment option for AD, relieving many symptoms. 55 discusses its potential benefits.

Donepezil (Aricept, E2020) is a second-generation cholinesterase inhibitor with high specificity and relatively few side effects. 3 emphasizes its effectiveness in treating mild and moderate AD.

Treatment summary

21 identifies four drugs, donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine, and memantine, as licensed for treating AD symptoms. 12 highlights memantine's clinical benefit in treating moderately-severe to severe AD. 85 mentions the widespread use of cholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil, galantamine, and rivastigmine) and memantine in treating AD-related dementia.

72 points out the potential of gene therapy in restoring cognitive function.

58 states that while apathy is a common symptom in AD, there are no proven therapies for it.

55 highlights the development of music therapy as an effective non-pharmacological treatment option.

3 emphasizes the effectiveness of donepezil (Aricept, E2020), a second-generation cholinesterase inhibitor, in treating mild and moderate AD.

Benefits and risks

Benefit summary

Benefits of AD treatment include improved cognitive function, enhanced activities of daily living, and increased autonomy. 12 mentions memantine's ability to enhance autonomy in patients with moderately-severe to severe AD.

Risk summary

Risks associated with AD treatment include side effects, potential worsening of symptoms upon treatment discontinuation, and financial burden. 13 indicates a higher rate of treatment discontinuation due to side effects in patients receiving cholinesterase inhibitors compared to the placebo group. 85 notes uncertainty regarding long-term benefits and adverse effects of these drugs, the impact of withdrawal, and the most appropriate time to discontinue treatment. 43 highlights the extensive safety issues associated with antipsychotics, which are often used for treating neuropsychiatric symptoms in AD.

Comparison across studies

Commonalities

Many studies point to the necessity of lifestyle modifications alongside drug therapy in managing AD. 93 advocates for personalized, multimodal therapies as the optimal approach for preventing and treating AD.

Differences

Various approaches to AD treatment exist, including pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. 55 explores music therapy as an effective non-pharmacological treatment. 72 highlights the potential of gene therapy in restoring cognitive function.

Consistency and contradictions in results

Contradictions exist within research findings on AD treatment. While 13 suggests a higher rate of treatment discontinuation due to side effects in patients receiving cholinesterase inhibitors compared to the placebo group, 3 emphasizes the effectiveness of donepezil (Aricept, E2020), a second-generation cholinesterase inhibitor, in treating mild and moderate AD with relatively few side effects.

Application in real-life with caveats

Applying AD research findings to individual patients requires caution, as individual characteristics can influence disease progression and treatment response. 87 highlights how patient characteristics might predict AD progression and moderate the effectiveness of donepezil.

Limitations of current research

Research on AD treatment is ongoing, and many challenges remain. 67 underscores the urgent need for effective interventions to prevent and treat AD. Additionally, 74 highlights the importance of non-pharmacological interventions in individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) as there is no specific drug to treat AD.

Future research directions

Future research should focus on understanding the disease mechanism, developing more effective treatment options, and identifying biomarkers for early diagnosis. 29 emphasizes the critical need for improved disease models and biomarkers to advance our understanding of AD's underlying mechanisms.

Conclusion

AD is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with no cure currently available, but various treatment options, both pharmacological and non-pharmacological, are under development. 93 emphasizes the importance of personalized, multimodal therapies for effectively preventing and treating AD. Continued research is essential to develop more effective treatments and preventative measures.

Treatment list

Pharmacological: donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine, memantine, cholinesterase inhibitors, antipsychotics, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), antidepressants, aspirin, steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), antioxidants, vitamin E, ginkgo biloba, hormone replacement therapy, gene therapy, psychostimulants, risperidone.

Non-pharmacological: cognitive training, exercise, lifestyle modifications, music therapy.

Keywords
Benefit Keywords
Improved cognitive abilities
Reduced noncognitive or behavioral symptoms
Slowed disease progression
1
Alzheimer's treatment
2
Improved Alzheimer's disease treatment
3
Alzheimer's treatment
4
AD treatment
6
Reduced aggression
7
Alzheimer's disease treatment
Well tolerated
8
Behavioral symptom improvement
10
Improved cognitive function
11
Alzheimer's disease treatment
Delayed dependence
Improved cognitive function
12
Improved cognition and activities of daily living
13
Improved cognition (women)
14
Alzheimer's disease treatment
15
Alzheimer's treatment
17
Alzheimer's disease treatment
Cognitive impairment treatment
18
Improved ADAS-cog performance
19
Depression treatment
20
Improved cognition
Improved functioning
21
Alzheimer's disease treatment
22
Improved psychotic symptoms
23
Reduced clinical worsening
24
AD treatment
26
Memantine for Alzheimer's
27
Caregiver burden reduction
28
Treatment of Alzheimer's disease
29
Improved cognition
Reduced functional impairment
31
Improved AD management
32
AD symptom relief
Cost savings
33
Improved AD treatment
34
Improved AD treatment
35
Improved vascular dementia treatment
37
Improved BPSD
Well tolerated
38
Apathy treatment
39
Symptom relief
40
Behavioral stabilization
Cognitive stabilization
Functional stabilization
41
Language improvement
42
Neuropsychiatric symptom treatment
43
AD treatment
44
Agitation reduction
45
Depression treatment
47
Lower caregiver distress
Reduce apathy
48
Agitation treatment
Behavioral symptom treatment
49
Well tolerated
50
Prevent seizure recurrence
51
Slow down AD
52
Severe AD treatment
53
Behavior improvement
Cognition improvement
Neuropsychiatric symptoms treatment
54
AD treatment
55
Improved AD treatment
56
Improved apathy
Improved cognition
Improved function
58
AD symptom relief
Reduced β-amyloid
60
Improved Alzheimer's disease treatment
61
Improved Alzheimer's disease treatment
62
Improved cognition
63
Apathy reduction
Cognitive improvement
65
Improved behavioral symptoms
Improved cognition
Improved mood
66
ADRD prevention
67
Improved AD treatment
68
AD treatment
69
Improved AD treatment
70
AD treatment
71
AD treatment
72
Dementia diagnosis
73
Cognitive improvement
74
Treatment for epilepsy in Alzheimer's disease
75
Safe and well tolerated
76
Alzheimer's disease treatment
77
Improve memory difficulties
78
Cost-effective prevention
Improved cognitive function
79
AD treatment
80
Improved prognosis
Reduced stigma
81
Improved therapeutic effect
Increased satisfaction
Reduced ADRs
Reduced medication deviation
82
Alzheimer's disease treatment
83
Dementia treatment
85
Treatment for Alzheimer's disease
86
Cognitive function improvement
Donepezil benefits
87
Symptomatic treatment
88
Alzheimer's treatment
89
AD prevention
AD progression slowdown
90
BMI reduction
Blood glucose control
Cognitive function
91
AD prevention
AD treatment
93
AD treatment
94
Risk Keywords
Substantial social and economic burden
9
Diarrhea
10
Higher withdrawal rates due to adverse events
13
Worsened cognition (men)
14
Side effects
21
Cerebrovascular adverse events
Extrapyramidal symptoms
Somnolence
23
Mechanism unclear
27
Abnormal lab results
Bleeding
Cognitive decline
Death
Elevated LFT
Elevated creatinine
Face edema
Hyperglycemia
Hypertension
Nausea
Vomiting
30
Insensitive measures
Limited follow-up
Uncertainty of results
33
Treatment adherence
36
Adverse events
41
Alzheimer's disease
46
Antidepressant limitations
47
Need further research
52
SAEs
53
Adverse events
58
Depression
59
Self-limiting adverse events
66
Age affects outcome
Faster disease progression in younger patients
76
Adverse effects
85
Antipsychotic drug risks
Lower donepezil efficacy
87
Dosage optimization
89
Alzheimer's disease
91
Literature analysis of 94 papers
Positive Content
83
Neutral Content
4
Negative Content
7
Article Type
43
22
40
30
91
1.

Therapeutic trials in Alzheimer's disease.

Author: WhitehouseP J, VociJ

Improved cognitive abilities
Reduced noncognitive or behavioral symptoms
Slowed disease progression

This report discusses the increasing number of therapeutic trials for Alzheimer's disease, focusing on the development of new symptomatic treatments, interventions for behavioral symptoms, and approaches to slow the progression of the disease. It also highlights the need for careful consideration of methodological, ethical, and policy issues in late-stage drug development.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

2.

Physostigmine and tetrahydroaminoacridine treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

Author: GustafsonL

Alzheimer's treatment

This double-blind crossover study of 17 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) found that tetrahydroaminoacridine (THA) was associated with improved reaction time, EEG, and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in the temporoparietal cortex.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

3.

Donepezil for mild and moderate Alzheimer's disease.

Author: Birks JS, MelzerD

Improved Alzheimer's disease treatment

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, causing progressive memory loss and cognitive decline. The rate of progression varies between individuals. One approach to treating AD is to block the breakdown of acetylcholine, a chemical important for memory. Tacrine, the first approved treatment, caused severe side effects, but a new drug called donepezil (Aricept) is highly specific and has fewer side effects.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

4.

Physostigmine for Alzheimer's disease.

Author: CoelhoF, BirksJ

Alzheimer's treatment

Physostigmine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, has been proposed as a potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease. Studies suggest it may improve memory, but its short half-life has limited its use. Controlled-release formulations and skin patches are being investigated to overcome this challenge.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

5.

A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of fluoxetine in depressed patients with Alzheimer's disease.

Author: PetraccaG M, ChemerinskiE, StarksteinS E

Fluoxetine treatment for depression in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) did not differ significantly from placebo. There was a significant placebo effect in the treatment of depression in AD.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

6.

Olanzapine in the treatment of anxiety symptoms due to Alzheimer's disease: a post hoc analysis.

Author: MintzerJ, FaisonW, StreetJ S, SuttonV K, BreierA

AD treatment

While anxiety is a common symptom in Alzheimer's disease (AD), with up to 90% of patients experiencing it, there is limited information available on treating anxiety specifically in this population.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

7.

Gender, aggression and serotonergic function are associated with response to sertraline for behavioral disturbances in Alzheimer's disease.

Author: LanctôtKrista L, HerrmannNathan, van ReekumRobert, EryavecGoran, NaranjoClaudio A

Reduced aggression

This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled cross-over study evaluated sertraline (100 mg OD) in 22 nondepressed patients with severe probable AD and significant behavioral disturbance. Eight of 21 (38%) completers responded to sertraline. Drug responsive behaviors included aggression/agitation, irritability and aberrant motor behavior. Low aggression, female gender and large prolactin increase were associated with a better response. Larger randomized controlled trials are needed to clarify the profile of responders.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

8.

The efficacy of galantamine in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: comparison of patients previously treated with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors to patients with no prior exposure.

Author: MintzerJ E, KershawP

Alzheimer's disease treatment
Well tolerated

Galantamine is effective and safe in patients with Alzheimer's disease, regardless of prior exposure to other acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs).

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

9.

Economic evaluation of galantamine in the treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease in the United States.

Author: Migliaccio-WalleKristen, GetsiosDenis, CaroJ Jaime, IshakKhajak J, O'BrienJudith A, PapadopoulosGeorge,

Substantial social and economic burden

Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects up to 11% of people over 65 in the United States, and is expected to affect more people as the population ages. AD causes a significant social and economic burden, with the cost of care increasing as the disease progresses.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

10.

A randomized, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy and safety of sertraline in the treatment of the behavioral manifestations of Alzheimer's disease in outpatients treated with donepezil.

Author: FinkelSanford I, MintzerJacobo E, DyskenMaurice, KrishnanK R R, BurtTal, McRaeThomas

Behavioral symptom improvement
Diarrhea

Sertraline augmentation therapy was well-tolerated in Alzheimer's disease patients treated with donepezil. While there was no overall significant difference in efficacy compared to placebo, post hoc analyses showed modest improvement with sertraline in some patients.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

11.

Donepezil for vascular cognitive impairment.

Author: MaloufR, BirksJ

Improved cognitive function

Cholinesterase inhibitors, such as donepezil, may be a rational treatment option for vascular dementia, which is the second most common cause of dementia after Alzheimer's disease.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

12.

Memantine enhances autonomy in moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease.

Author: RiveBenoît, VercellettoMartine, DamierFlorence Delamarre, CochranJohn, FrançoisClément

Alzheimer's disease treatment
Delayed dependence
Improved cognitive function

This study investigated the benefits of memantine on functional disability in patients with moderately-severe to severe Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The study found that memantine enhanced autonomy in these patients, increasing the probability that they would remain autonomous, thereby delaying the transition to the dependent stage.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

13.

Evidence-based pharmacotherapy of Alzheimer's disease.

Author: EvansJohn Grimley, WilcockGordon, BirksJacqueline

Improved cognition and activities of daily living
Higher withdrawal rates due to adverse events

Dementia is a serious condition affecting thinking and memory, with Alzheimer’s disease being the most common cause. While descriptions of Alzheimer’s disease have improved, there is no specific test to diagnose it. Current treatments aim to manage symptoms and include medications that increase acetylcholine levels in the brain. These medications have modest benefits for thinking and daily activities but can cause significant side effects. Another medication, memantine, has shown similar benefits to cholinesterase inhibitors and is approved for treating moderate to severe Alzheimer’s disease. Other treatments, such as vitamins, herbs, and anti-inflammatory drugs, have not been proven effective.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

14.

Cognitive response to pharmacological treatment for depression in Alzheimer disease: secondary outcomes from the depression in Alzheimer's disease study (DIADS).

Author: MunroCynthia A, BrandtJason, SheppardJeannie-Marie E, SteeleCynthia D, SamusQuincy M, SteinbergMartin, RabinsPeter V, LyketsosConstantine G

Improved cognition (women)
Worsened cognition (men)

Treatment with sertraline for depression in patients with Alzheimer disease did not show a significant effect on cognitive function. However, a post-hoc analysis suggested a sex difference in cognitive response, with women showing improved cognition and men showing worsening cognition. Further research is needed to confirm this finding.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

15.

A prospective, double-blind, community-controlled comparison of three doses of galantamine in the treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease in a Korean population.

Author: SuhGuk-Hee, Yeon JungHee, Uk LeeChang, Hoon OhByoung, Nam BaeJae, JungHan-Yong, JuYoung-Su, Kil YeonByeong, ParkJonghan, HongInja, ChoiSungku, Ho LeeJung,

Alzheimer's disease treatment

Galantamine hydrobromide, a dual acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and nicotinic receptor modulator, is being studied as a potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease (AD) in Korea, where the aging population and prevalence of AD are increasing.

Clinical TrialA clinical trial is a planned study conducted on humans to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and treatment methods. It aims to explore the possibilities of new treatments and improve the health of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

16.

Current status and future promise of pharmacotherapeutic strategies for Alzheimer's disease.

Author: StandridgeJohn B

Treatments for Alzheimer's disease (AD) are rapidly changing, but more breakthroughs are needed to prevent and effectively treat this disease. This paper reviews promising approaches for future interventions to address the growing burden of AD on caregivers and society.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

17.

Efficacy of rivastigmine in Alzheimer's disease patients with rapid disease progression: results of a meta-analysis.

Author: FarlowMartin R, SmallGary W, QuargPeter, KrauseAndreas

Alzheimer's treatment

This study investigates the differential treatment effects of rivastigmine in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients with rapid versus slow cognitive decline, finding that rivastigmine may be more effective in patients with rapid decline.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

18.

Donepezil for mild cognitive impairment.

Author: BirksJ, FlickerL

Alzheimer's disease treatment
Cognitive impairment treatment

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) can be an early sign of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the definition of MCI is not clear and includes a diverse group of people with varying cognitive function. Early treatment of AD may slow down the progression of the disease. Donepezil, a medication used for AD, is effective for mild AD and may be beneficial for people with MCI.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

19.

Circulating cholesterol levels, apolipoprotein E genotype and dementia severity influence the benefit of atorvastatin treatment in Alzheimer's disease: results of the Alzheimer's Disease Cholesterol-Lowering Treatment (ADCLT) trial.

Author: SparksD L, ConnorD J, SabbaghM N, PetersenR B, LopezJ, BrowneP

Improved ADAS-cog performance

Atorvastatin therapy may be beneficial for mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease patients, but the level of benefit may be influenced by the severity of cognitive impairment, circulating cholesterol levels, or apolipoprotein E genotype.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

20.

Comparison of three rating scales as outcome measures for treatment trials of depression in Alzheimer disease: findings from DIADS.

Author: MayerLawrence S, BayR Curt, PolitisAntonios, SteinbergMartin, SteeleCynthia, BakerAlva S, RabinsPeter V, LyketsosConstantine G

Depression treatment

The study discussed the challenges of measuring treatment outcomes in studies of depression in Alzheimer's disease (AD), highlighting the importance of using scales that can detect a difference between treatment and control effects.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.

Language : English

21.

[Pharmacotherapy for Alzheimer's disease].

Author: VerheyF R J

Improved cognition
Improved functioning
Side effects

This systematic review reviewed the efficacy and side effects of four drugs licensed for treating the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease: donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine, and memantine. The review found that these drugs had a beneficial effect on cognition and daily functioning, but the effect was limited and the cholinesterase inhibitors frequently had side effects. The review concluded that treatment with these drugs demands a careful and realistic approach and should be embedded in the entire set of available psychosocial intervention techniques.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : Dutch

22.

Open label, multicenter, 28-week extension study of the safety and tolerability of memantine in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease.

Author: OttBrian R, BlakeLesley M, KaganEthel, ResnickMalca,

Alzheimer's disease treatment

Memantine, a medication that blocks a specific type of brain receptor (NMDA), has been found safe and effective in improving thinking, functioning, behavior, and overall well-being in people with moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease (AD) for 3-6 months. It is approved for use in the US and Europe, and is currently being studied for patients with mild to moderate AD.

Evaluation StudyResearch that systematically evaluates the effectiveness of a particular program or policy. It measures its outcomes and provides important information for future decision-making.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

23.

The efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of psychosis of Alzheimer's disease and mixed dementia: a meta-analysis of 4 placebo-controlled clinical trials.

Author: KatzIra, de DeynPeter-Paul, MintzerJacobo, GreenspanAndrew, ZhuYoung, BrodatyHenry

Improved psychotic symptoms
Cerebrovascular adverse events
Extrapyramidal symptoms
Somnolence

Risperidone significantly improved psychotic symptoms and general clinical improvement in patients with psychosis of Alzheimer's disease compared to placebo, with the most significant benefits observed in those with severe symptoms.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.

Language : English

24.

Analysis of the effect of memantine in reducing the worsening of clinical symptoms in patients with moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease.

Author: WilkinsonDavid, AndersenHenning Friis

Reduced clinical worsening

Memantine reduced clinical worsening in patients with moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease. 28% of patients on placebo showed any clinical worsening compared to 18% of patients on memantine. 21% of patients on placebo had marked clinical worsening compared to 11% of patients on memantine.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

25.

Donepezil for the treatment of agitation in Alzheimer's disease.

Author: HowardRobert J, JuszczakEdmund, BallardClive G, BenthamPeter, BrownRichard G, BullockRoger, BurnsAlistair S, HolmesClive, JacobyRobin, JohnsonTony, KnappMartin, LindesayJames, O'BrienJohn T, WilcockGordon, KatonaCornelius, JonesRoy W, DeCesareJulia, RodgerMichaela,

Donepezil, a cholinesterase inhibitor used for Alzheimer's disease, did not demonstrate a significant benefit over placebo in treating agitation in patients with Alzheimer's disease. This suggests that donepezil may not be an effective treatment option for agitation in this population.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

26.

DOMINO-AD protocol: donepezil and memantine in moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease - a multicentre RCT.

Author: JonesRob, SheehanBart, PhillipsPatrick, JuszczakEd, AdamsJessica, BaldwinAshley, BallardClive, BanerjeeSube, BarberBob, BenthamPeter, BrownRichard, BurnsAlistair, DeningTom, FindlayDavid, GrayRichard, GriffinMary, HolmesClive, HughesAlan, JacobyRobin, JohnsonTony, JonesRoy, KnappMartin, LindesayJames, McKeithIan, McShaneRupert, MacharouthuAjay, O'BrienJohn, OnionsCaroline, PassmorePeter, RafteryJames, RitchieCraig, HowardRob,

AD treatment

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. While medications called cholinesterase inhibitors are the most effective treatment for mild to moderate AD, there is limited guidance on treatment options as the disease progresses to severe stages. This study aims to determine the best approach for people with AD who are worsening despite treatment with donepezil, a cholinesterase inhibitor, including whether to continue donepezil, add another medication (memantine), or switch to memantine.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

27.

Effect of memantine on resting state default mode network activity in Alzheimer's disease.

Author: LorenziMarco, BeltramelloAlberto, MercuriNicola B, CanuElisa, ZoccatelliGiada, PizziniFrancesca B, AlessandriniFranco, CotelliMaria, RosiniSandra, CostardiDaniela, CaltagironeCarlo, FrisoniGiovanni B

Memantine for Alzheimer's
Mechanism unclear

Memantine, a medication for Alzheimer's disease, reduces the effects of excessive glutamate activity in the brain. The drug's impact on the default mode network, a brain region involved in attention, is being studied.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

28.

Effect of second-generation antipsychotics on caregiver burden in Alzheimer's disease.

Author: MohamedSomaia, RosenheckRobert, LyketsosConstantine G, KaczynskiRichard, SultzerDavid L, SchneiderLon S

Caregiver burden reduction

This study used data from the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness-Alzheimer's Disease (CATIE-AD) trial to evaluate the effect of atypical antipsychotics versus placebo on caregiver burden. Caregivers of patients treated with atypical antipsychotics reported lower levels of burden, and this was mediated by improvement in patient agitation, hostility, and psychotic distortions.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

29.

Current and emerging drug treatment options for Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review.

Author: HerrmannNathan, ChauSarah A, KircanskiIda, LanctôtKrista L

Treatment of Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and fatal condition causing severe memory loss and cognitive decline. Current treatments only manage symptoms and do not slow or prevent the disease's progression. While some medications provide modest improvements, efforts to develop treatments that modify the disease have focused on targeting amyloid-β, but these have not been successful. It is likely that other factors, like tau protein build-up and inflammation, also contribute to AD. This review examines the effectiveness and safety of current and developing treatments for AD, highlighting the need for better disease models and biomarkers to understand the disease better.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

30.

Aspirin, steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

Author: JaturapatpornDarin, IsaacMokhtar Gad El Kareem Nasr, McCleeryJenny, TabetNaji

Abnormal lab results
Bleeding
Cognitive decline
Death
Elevated LFT
Elevated creatinine
Face edema
Hyperglycemia
Hypertension
Nausea
Vomiting

Aspirin, steroids, and NSAIDs did not demonstrate significant improvement in cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Aspirin was associated with increased bleeding, steroids with hyperglycemia and abnormal lab results, and NSAIDs with nausea, vomiting, and elevated creatinine levels.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

31.

Donepezil and memantine for moderate-to-severe Alzheimer's disease.

Author: HowardRobert, McShaneRupert, LindesayJames, RitchieCraig, BaldwinAshley, BarberRobert, BurnsAlistair, DeningTom, FindlayDavid, HolmesClive, HughesAlan, JacobyRobin, JonesRob, JonesRoy, McKeithIan, MacharouthuAjay, O'BrienJohn, PassmorePeter, SheehanBart, JuszczakEdmund, KatonaCornelius, HillsRobert, KnappMartin, BallardClive, BrownRichard, BanerjeeSube, OnionsCaroline, GriffinMary, AdamsJessica, GrayRichard, JohnsonTony, BenthamPeter, PhillipsPatrick

Improved cognition
Reduced functional impairment

This randomized study assigned 295 patients with moderate or severe Alzheimer’s disease to one of four treatment groups: continue donepezil, discontinue donepezil, discontinue donepezil and start memantine, or continue donepezil and start memantine. Continued donepezil treatment was associated with significant cognitive and functional benefits over 12 months, exceeding the minimum clinically important difference.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

32.

Economic evaluation of treatment options in patients with Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review of cost-effectiveness analyses.

Author: PouryamoutLaura, DamsJudith, WasemJuergen, DodelRichard, NeumannAnja

Improved AD management

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia, affecting a large number of elderly individuals. AD causes memory loss, behavioral changes, and a decline in function and independence. The number of people with AD is expected to rise dramatically in the coming years, with significant costs associated with caring for those with this condition. The worldwide cost of dementia was estimated to be $604 billion in 2010.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

33.

The effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine and memantine for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (review of Technology Appraisal No. 111): a systematic review and economic model.

Author: BondM, RogersG, PetersJ, AndersonR, HoyleM, MinersA, MoxhamT, DavisS, ThokalaP, WailooA, JeffreysM, HydeC

AD symptom relief
Cost savings
Insensitive measures
Limited follow-up
Uncertainty of results

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) are likely cost-saving for mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s disease, with donepezil being the most cost-effective. Memantine’s cost-effectiveness is less certain.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

34.

The effect of stimulation therapy and donepezil on cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease. A community based RCT with a two-by-two factorial design.

Author: AndersenFred, ViitanenMatti, HalvorsenDag S, StraumeBjørn, WilsgaardTom, EngstadTorgeir A

Improved AD treatment

This study explores the effectiveness of different therapeutic interventions, including physical exercise and cholinesterase inhibitors, in delaying cognitive decline in early Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

35.

Effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in Alzheimer's disease with comorbid depression: a meta-analysis of depression and cognitive outcomes.

Author: SepehryAmir A, LeePhilip E, HsiungGing Yuek R, BeattieB Lynn, JacovaClaudia

Improved AD treatment

This study discusses the common occurrence of depression in people with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and highlights the potential benefits of adding antidepressants to existing AD treatments. The study notes that depression is now considered a recognized symptom of AD and suggests that treating depression may also improve cognitive symptoms in these patients.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

36.

Adherence to cholinesterase inhibitors in Alzheimer's disease: a review.

Author: BradyRoseanna, WeinmanJohn

Treatment adherence

Intentional factors like patient, caregiver, and prescriber beliefs, as well as unintentional factors like tolerability, physical limitations, and caregiver burden can affect adherence to cholinesterase inhibitors in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

37.

Galantamine for vascular cognitive impairment.

Author: BirksJacqueline, CraigDavid

Improved vascular dementia treatment

Vascular dementia is the second most common type of dementia. This review will discuss the classification of vascular dementia and the use of cholinesterase inhibitors such as galantamine in treating vascular cognitive impairment.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

38.

Differential effects of current specific treatments on behavioral and psychological symptoms in patients with Alzheimer's disease: a 12-month, randomized, open-label trial.

Author: CumboEduardo, LigoriLeonarda Domenica

Improved BPSD
Well tolerated

Memantine and rivastigmine, drugs used for Alzheimer's disease, were found to be effective in improving behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease. The improvements were seen in areas such as agitation/aggression, anxiety/phobias, and overall well-being. The drugs were well tolerated with most side effects being transient and mild-to-moderate.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

39.

Effects of a non-focal plasticity protocol on apathy in moderate Alzheimer's disease: a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial.

Author: SuemotoClaudia Kimie, ApolinarioDaniel, Nakamura-PalaciosEster Miyuki, LopesLeonardo, LeiteRenata Elaine Paraizo, SalesManuela Castro, NitriniRicardo, BruckiSonia Maria, MorilloLilian Shafirovitz, MagaldiRegina Miksian, FregniFelipe

Apathy treatment

This study investigated the effects of repetitive transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on apathy in moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. The study found that tDCS had no effect on apathy in elderly patients with moderate AD.

Clinical Trial, Phase IIA Phase II trial is a trial that further evaluates the efficacy and safety of a new drug or treatment, whose safety has been confirmed to some extent in a Phase I trial, in a small number of patients.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

40.

Efficacy of memantine, donepezil, or their association in moderate-severe Alzheimer's disease: a review of clinical trials.

Author: MolinoIvana, ColucciLuisa, FasanaroAngiola M, TrainiEnea, AmentaFrancesco

Symptom relief

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)/cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitors (Is) and memantine are approved treatments for mild-moderate and moderate-severe Alzheimer's disease (AD), respectively. High doses of the AChE-I donepezil are approved for moderate-severe AD in the USA, and the combination of AChE/ChE-Is plus memantine has been proposed for AD at this stage.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

41.

Efficacy and safety of donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine, and memantine for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: TanChen-Chen, YuJin-Tai, WangHui-Fu, TanMeng-Shan, MengXiang-Fei, WangChong, JiangTeng, ZhuXi-Chen, TanLan

Behavioral stabilization
Cognitive stabilization
Functional stabilization
Adverse events

Cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine are able to stabilize or slow decline in cognition, function, behavior, and global change.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

42.

Efficacy and safety of memantine in patients with moderate-to-severe Alzheimer's disease: results of a pooled analysis of two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials in Japan.

Author: NakamuraYu, KitamuraShin, HommaAkira, ShiosakaiKazuhito, MatsuiDaiju

Language improvement

Memantine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist used to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD), has shown language improvement benefits in patients in the USA and Europe. This study explores the effectiveness of memantine in improving language deficits in Japanese patients with AD.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

43.

A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled withdrawal trial comparing memantine and antipsychotics for the long-term treatment of function and neuropsychiatric symptoms in people with Alzheimer's disease (MAIN-AD).

Author: BallardClive, ThomasAlan, GerryStephen, YuLy-Mee, AarslandDag, MerrittClaire, CorbettAnne, DavisonChristopher, SharmaNarenda, KhanZunera, CreeseByron, LoughlinPaul, BannisterCarol, BurnsAlistair, WinSoe Nyunt, WalkerZuzana,

Neuropsychiatric symptom treatment

Mental health problems in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are common and difficult to treat. While antipsychotic medications are sometimes used, they have significant side effects. There is growing evidence that memantine, a medication for moderate to severe AD, may help prevent these mental health problems.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

44.

Emerging drug targets for Aβ and tau in Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review.

Author: WestSophie, BhugraPraveen

AD treatment

Current treatments for Alzheimer's disease (AD) focus on brain chemicals but have limited effects. Research is now exploring other factors involved in AD, like abnormal proteins (tau and Aβ), and evaluating new medications that target these proteins to see if they can improve outcomes for patients. This review summarizes the available evidence on these new drug approaches.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

45.

The Effect of Memantine on Cognitive Function and Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms in Mild-to-Moderate Alzheimer's Disease Patients.

Author: ZhangNan, WeiChangjuan, DuHongjian, ShiFu-Dong, ChengYan

Agitation reduction

Memantine is effective for the treatment of mild-to-moderate AD, especially in patients with agitation.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

46.

Ginseng for Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Author: WangYuyi, YangGuoyan, GongJuan, LuFang, DiaoQingchun, SunJin, ZhangKang, TianJinzhou, LiuJianping

Alzheimer's disease

A systematic review of four randomized clinical trials found that the effects of ginseng on Alzheimer's disease (AD) were still inconclusive.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

47.

A Review of Pharmacological Treatments for Depression in Alzheimer's Disease.

Author: SiarkosKostas T, KatirtzoglouEverina A, PolitisAntonios M

Depression treatment
Antidepressant limitations

Depression in people with Alzheimer's disease (dAD) is a common and serious problem for both patients and caregivers. While medications have been used based on their effects on brain chemicals, research suggests that depression in AD may be more complex. This review examines various treatments for dAD, aiming to better understand the disease and develop more effective treatments.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

48.

Apathy Treatment in Alzheimer's Disease: Interim Results of the ASCOMALVA Trial.

Author: ReaRaffaele, CarotenutoAnna, TrainiEnea, FasanaroAngiola Maria, ManzoValentino, AmentaFrancesco

Lower caregiver distress
Reduce apathy

The combination of donepezil with choline alphoscerate is more effective than donepezil alone in countering symptoms of apathy in AD.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

49.

Effects on agitation with rivastigmine patch monotherapy and combination therapy with memantine in mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease: a multicenter 24-week prospective randomized open-label study (the Korean EXelon Patch and combination with mEmantine Comparative Trial study).

Author: YoonSoo J, ChoiSeong H, NaHae R, ParkKyung-Won, KimEun-Joo, HanHyun J, LeeJae-Hong, ShimYoung S, NaDuk L

Agitation treatment
Behavioral symptom treatment

Memantine is an effective treatment for behavioral symptoms of dementia, especially agitation in patients with moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the effectiveness of combining memantine and rivastigmine patch therapy for mild to moderate AD patients remains unclear.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

50.

The Effect of Escitalopram on Mood and Cognition in Depressive Alzheimer's Disease Subjects.

Author: AnHoyoung, ChoiBooyeol, ParkKun-Woo, KimDo-Hoon, YangDong-Won, HongChang Hyung, KimSeong Yoon, HanSeol-Heui

Well tolerated

Escitalopram was well tolerated in patients with depression and Alzheimer's disease. The study did not find statistically significant differences in depression or cognition between the escitalopram and placebo groups after 12 weeks. Further research is needed on a subset of subjects with more severe depression.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

51.

Treatment of epilepsy for people with Alzheimer's disease.

Author: LiuJia, WangLu-Ning, WuLi-Yong, WangYu-Ping

Prevent seizure recurrence

This review examines the treatment of epilepsy in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The study explores the effectiveness and tolerability of different treatment modalities, including pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

52.

Phytochemicals in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review.

Author: D'OnofrioGrazia, SancarloDaniele, RuanQingwei, YuZhuowei, PanzaFrancesco, DanieleAntonio, GrecoAntonio, SeripaDavide

Slow down AD
Need further research

A systematic review of 97 studies explored the potential of phytochemicals in treating Alzheimer's disease. Several phytochemicals showed promise in slowing disease onset and progression, demonstrating anti-cholinergic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. Further research is needed to understand specific molecular targets and ensure safe use.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

53.

Efficacy and Safety of Donepezil in Chinese Patients with Severe Alzheimer's Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Author: JiaJianping, WeiCuibai, JiaLongfei, TangYi, LiangJunhua, ZhouAihong, LiFangyu, ShiLu, DoodyRachelle S

Severe AD treatment
SAEs

Donepezil was more effective than placebo in treating Chinese patients with severe Alzheimer's disease (AD) over 24 weeks. While the drug was well tolerated, 29 patients experienced serious adverse events (SAEs), with most not considered drug-related.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

54.

Effects of Risperidone and Galantamine Treatment on Alzheimer's Disease Biomarker Levels in Cerebrospinal Fluid.

Author: BlonieckiVictor, AarslandDag, BlennowKaj, CummingsJeffrey, FalahatiFarshad, WinbladBengt, Freund-LeviYvonne

Behavior improvement
Cognition improvement
Neuropsychiatric symptoms treatment

This study investigated the effects of antipsychotics and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors on Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in patients with neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in dementia.

Comparative StudyResearch that compares multiple groups/interventions to determine differences/similarities in outcomes/characteristics.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

55.

[Music therapy as a non-pharmacological treatment in Alzheimer's disease. A systematic review].

Author: Garcia-CasaresN, Moreno-LeivaR M, Garcia-ArnesJ A

AD treatment

Alzheimer's disease (AD) causes progressive memory and language loss and behavioral changes. While medications can't cure AD, music therapy has been used as an effective non-medication treatment to manage some of these symptoms.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : Spanish

56.

Alzheimer's Disease: A Systemic Review of Substantial Therapeutic Targets and the Leading Multi-functional Molecules.

Author: UmarTarana, HodaNasimul

Improved AD treatment

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a fatal brain disorder with no cure. While research has focused on targeting specific areas in the brain, like beta amyloid and cholinesterase, other potential causes, such as tau proteins, inflammation, and gene changes, are also being studied. Current medications mainly target cholinesterase. New drug development is focusing on multi-target approaches that address multiple aspects of the disease. While many promising drugs have been researched, the complexity of the disease makes finding a cure challenging.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

57.

Effectiveness of Anti-Dementia Drugs in Extremely Severe Alzheimer's Disease: A 12-Week, Multicenter, Randomized, Single-Blind Study.

Author: HongYun Jeong, ChoiSeong Hye, JeongJee Hyang, ParkKyung Won, NaHae Ri

There's no clear guidance on how long to continue Alzheimer's disease (AD) medications for people with very severe disease. This study investigated whether patients with severe AD who were already taking donepezil or memantine benefited from continuing treatment.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

58.

Pharmacological interventions for apathy in Alzheimer's disease.

Author: RuthirakuhanMyuri T, HerrmannNathan, AbrahamEleenor H, ChanSarah, LanctôtKrista L

Improved apathy
Improved cognition
Improved function
Adverse events

Methylphenidate may improve apathy in people with Alzheimer's disease, but this finding is associated with low-quality evidence. More research is needed to confirm its effectiveness.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

59.

Investigation of possible risk factors for depression in Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review of the evidence.

Author: SteckNatassa, CooperClaudia, OrgetaVasiliki

Depression

Greater cognitive impairment and a history of psychiatric disorders are significant risk factors for depression in people with Alzheimer's disease.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

60.

A Systematic Review on Donepezil-based Derivatives as Potential Cholinesterase Inhibitors for Alzheimer's Disease.

Author: KorabecnyJan, SpilovskaKatarina, MezeiovaEva, BenekOndrej, JuzaRadomir, KapingDaniel, SoukupOndrej

AD symptom relief
Reduced β-amyloid

A review of donepezil-related compounds as potential anti-AD drugs found that donepezil was able to ameliorate the symptoms related to AD mainly via AChE, but also through reduction of β-amyloid burden.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

61.

Donepezil for dementia due to Alzheimer's disease.

Author: BirksJacqueline S, HarveyRichard J

Improved Alzheimer's disease treatment

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia in older adults. One approach to treat AD symptoms involves increasing levels of a brain chemical called acetylcholine by blocking the enzyme that breaks it down. Donepezil is one medication that does this. This is an updated review of previous research on this topic.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

62.

The efficacy and safety of memantine for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

Author: MatsunagaShinji, KishiTaro, NomuraIkuo, SakumaKenji, OkuyaMakoto, IkutaToshikazu, IwataNakao

Improved Alzheimer's disease treatment

Memantine, both as monotherapy and combined with donepezil, shows greater improvement in cognitive function and behavioral disturbances than placebo for Alzheimer's disease. Combined treatment with memantine and donepezil is considered the most useful option, due to its effectiveness and tolerability.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

63.

Association between Neuropsychiatric Improvement and Neurocognitive Change in Alzheimer's Disease: Analysis of the CATIE-AD Study.

Author: NagataTomoyuki, ShinagawaShunichiro, NakajimaShinichiro, MimuraMasaru, ShigetaMasahiro

Improved cognition

Neurocognitive preservation may be associated with improved benefits from treatments for neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

64.

Treatment of epilepsy for people with Alzheimer's disease.

Author: LiuJia, WangLu-Ning, WuLi-Yong, WangYu-Ping

This updated review examines the efficacy and tolerability of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments for epilepsy in people with Alzheimer's disease (AD). While antiepileptic drugs are effective in preventing seizure recurrence, there is a need for further research to optimize treatment strategies for epilepsy in AD patients.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

65.

Efficacy and Safety of Psychostimulants for Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Author: KishiTaro, SakumaKenji, IwataNakao

Apathy reduction
Cognitive improvement

The meta-analysis found that methylphenidate was effective in treating apathy and cognitive impairment in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). No significant differences were observed in other outcomes, including safety outcomes.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

66.

Effects of Citicoline as an Adjunct Treatment for Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review.

Author: PiamonteBernadeth Lyn C, EspirituAdrian I, AnlacanVeeda Michelle M

Improved behavioral symptoms
Improved cognition
Improved mood
Self-limiting adverse events

Citicoline (CC) used as an adjunct therapy to cholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) for Alzheimer's disease (AD) was well-tolerated and showed improvement in cognition, mood, and behavioral symptoms compared to AChEIs alone. The study included two retrospective cohort studies involving 563 elderly patients.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

67.

Design and Rationale of the PACt-MD Randomized Clinical Trial: Prevention of Alzheimer's dementia with Cognitive remediation plus transcranial direct current stimulation in Mild cognitive impairment and Depression.

Author: RajjiTarek K, BowieChristopher R, HerrmannNathan, PollockBruce G, BiksonMarom, BlumbergerDaniel M, ButtersMeryl A, DaskalakisZafiris J, FischerCorinne E, FlintAlastair J, GolasAngela C, Graff-GuerreroAriel, KumarSanjeev, LourencoLillian, MahLinda, OvaysikiaShima, ThorpeKevin E, VoineskosAristotle N, MulsantBenoit H,

ADRD prevention

A multisite randomized controlled trial, PACt-MD, is being conducted to assess the efficacy of a novel intervention, cognitive remediation (CR) plus transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), in preventing Alzheimer's disease and related disorders (ADRD) in high-risk individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or remitted major depressive disorder (MDD). The trial will compare the efficacy of CR + tDCS versus sham-CR + sham-tDCS in preventing long-term cognitive decline and the incidence of ADRD or MCI.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

68.

Identification of potential blood biomarkers for early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease through RNA sequencing analysis.

Author: ShigemizuDaichi, MoriTaiki, AkiyamaShintaro, HigakiSayuri, WatanabeHiroshi, SakuraiTakashi, NiidaShumpei, OzakiKouichi

Improved AD treatment

This study discussed the need for promising novel biomarkers for early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), considering the lack of a cure and the importance of early intervention.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

69.

Memantine, Donepezil, or Combination Therapy-What is the best therapy for Alzheimer's Disease? A Network Meta-Analysis.

Author: GuoJiaxun, WangZhenyu, LiuRuishu, HuangYunxia, ZhangNan, ZhangRuihan

AD treatment

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating brain disorder that affects millions worldwide. Memantine and donepezil are common medications used alone or together to treat AD. This study analyzed research comparing these treatments to a placebo (inactive treatment) to see how well they work in managing AD.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

70.

Neuromodulation for Apathy in Alzheimer's Disease: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Sham-Controlled Pilot Study.

Author: PadalaPrasad R, BoozerEugenia M, LensingShelly Y, ParkesChristopher M, HunterCassandra R, DennisRichard A, CacedaRicardo, PadalaKalpana P

Improved AD treatment

Apathy, a lack of motivation and interest, is common in people with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and can lead to faster worsening of the disease, long-term disability, and even shorter lifespans. Unfortunately, there are limited medication options to treat apathy in these individuals.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.Research funding provided by US government agencies other than the Public Health Service.

Language : English

72.

Efficacy of Gene Therapy to Restore Cognition in Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review.

Author: TedeschiDesyrre V, da CunhaAnderson F, CominettiMárcia R, PedrosoRenata Valle

AD treatment

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a brain disease that gets worse over time. There is no cure, but some treatments can slow its progression. Gene therapy is a promising new approach that is being studied for AD.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

73.

Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid ABeta42 for the differential diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease dementia in participants diagnosed with any dementia subtype in a specialist care setting.

Author: KokkinouMichelle, BeishonLucy C, SmailagicNadja, Noel-StorrAnna H, HydeChris, UkoumunneObioha, WorrallRosemary E, HayenAnja, DesaiMeera, AshokAbhishekh Hulegar, PaulEleanor J, GeorgopoulouAikaterini, CasoliTiziana, QuinnTerry J, RitchieCraig W

Dementia diagnosis

This study investigates the potential of beta-amyloid (1-42) (ABeta42) as a biomarker to differentiate Alzheimer's disease dementia (ADD) from other dementia subtypes, given that ABeta42 decreases in both plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of people with ADD.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

74.

Effects of Morning Blue-Green 500 nm Light Therapy on Cognition and Biomarkers in Middle-Aged and Older Adults with Subjective Cognitive Decline and Mild Cognitive Impairment: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Author: WangZiqi, ZhangYige, DongLi, ZhengZihao, ZhongDayong, LongXunqin, CaiQingyan, JianWei, ZhangSongge, WuWenbin, YaoDezhong

Cognitive improvement

This study aims to provide evidence of the impact of light therapy on subjective and objective cognitive performance in middle-aged and older adults with SCD or aMCI.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

75.

Treatment of epilepsy for people with Alzheimer's disease.

Author: LiuJia, WangLu-Ning

Treatment for epilepsy in Alzheimer's disease

This review investigates different treatment modalities for epilepsy in individuals with Alzheimer's disease. While seizures can occur in Alzheimer's disease, antiepileptic drugs appear to prevent recurrent seizures in most patients. This review updates a previous Cochrane Review published in 2018.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

76.

Effect of Age on Clinical Trial Outcome in Participants with Probable Alzheimer's Disease.

Author: TargumSteven D, FosdickLisa, DrakeKristen E, RosenbergPaul B, BurkeAnna D, WolkDavid A, FooteKelly D, AsaadWael F, SabbaghMarwan, SmithGwenn S, LozanoAndres M, LyketsosConstantine G

Safe and well tolerated
Age affects outcome
Faster disease progression in younger patients

Age may be a significant factor affecting treatment outcome in trials for Alzheimer's disease. Younger participants may experience faster disease progression and different AD subtypes.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

77.

Physical exercise is effective for neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review.

Author: MendonçaDayanne Christine Borges, FernandesDenise Rodrigues, HernandezSalma Soleman, SoaresFernando Diákson Gontijo, FigueiredoKarina de, CoelhoFlávia Gomes de Melo

Alzheimer's disease treatment

Mental health issues are common in people with Alzheimer's disease and worsen the course of the disease, impacting both the person with Alzheimer's and their caregivers. While medication trials have had limited success, this study highlights the potential benefits of exercise as a non-drug approach to improving mental health symptoms in Alzheimer's disease.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

78.

An Investigation of Levetiracetam in Alzheimer's Disease (ILiAD): a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised crossover proof of concept study.

Author: SenArjune, AkinolaMary, TaiXin You, SymmondsMkael, Davis JonesGabriel, MuraSergio, GallowayJoanne, HallamAngela, ChanJane Y C, KoychevIvan, ButlerChris, GeddesJohn, Van Der PuttRohan, ThompsonSian, ManoharSanjay G, FrangouEleni, LoveSharon, McShaneRupert, HusainMasud

Improve memory difficulties

The anti-seizure medication levetiracetam can reduce abnormal cortical discharges and reverse memory deficits in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Levetiracetam has also been shown to improve memory difficulties in patients with mild cognitive impairment, a precursor to Alzheimer's disease. Clinical use of levetiracetam is well-established in treatment of epilepsy and extensive safety data are available. Levetiracetam thus has the potential to provide safe and efficacious treatment to help with memory difficulties in Alzheimer's disease.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

79.

The Cost-Effectiveness of Three Prevention Strategies in Alzheimer's Disease: Results from the Multidomain Alzheimer Preventive Trial (MAPT).

Author: CostaN, MouniéM, PagèsA, DerumeauxH, RappT, GuyonnetS, ColeyN, CantetC, CarriéI, AndrieuS, MolinierL

Cost-effective prevention
Improved cognitive function

A cost-effectiveness analysis of three preventive strategies for Alzheimer's disease (AD) compared to a placebo using data from the Multidomain Alzheimer Preventive Trial (MAPT) study found that multidomain intervention (MI) combined with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PFA) and MI alone were cost-effective strategies, with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) below the willingness-to-pay threshold of €50,000 per improved cognitive Z-score point. PFA alone was not cost-effective.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Multicenter StudyResearch conducted in collaboration with multiple research institutions. It aims to collect a wide range of data and obtain more generalizable results.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

80.

Past, present and future of therapeutic strategies against amyloid-β peptides in Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review.

Author: JeremicDanko, Jiménez-DíazLydia, Navarro-LópezJuan D

AD treatment

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that affects millions of people worldwide. While there are currently few treatments available, recent research has focused on developing anti-amyloid therapies.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

81.

The relative contributions of biomarkers, disease modifying treatment, and dementia severity to Alzheimer's stigma: A vignette-based experiment.

Author: StitesShana D, GillJeanine, LargentEmily A, HarkinsKristin, SankarPamela, KriegerAbba, KarlawishJason

Improved prognosis
Reduced stigma

This study investigates how preclinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and disease-modifying treatments might affect public stigma towards individuals with AD dementia and their families.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch funding provided by the NIH to external research institutions and researchers.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research funding provided by the Public Health Service (PHS).

Language : English

82.

Medication reconciliation role and value in Alzheimer's disease treatment.

Author: ShenXueqian, ZhangQun, ShaoWenliang, ShiJianying, LiuBing

Improved therapeutic effect
Increased satisfaction
Reduced ADRs
Reduced medication deviation

This study explored the role of medication reconciliation in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Medication reconciliation significantly reduced medication deviation in AD patients, leading to higher Mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scores and a lower incidence of adverse drug reactions. Patient satisfaction was also higher with medication reconciliation.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.

Language : English

84.

Alzheimer's Disease: A Silent Pandemic - A Systematic Review on the Situation and Patent Landscape of the Diagnosis.

Author: Goyzueta-MamaniLuis Daniel, Chávez-FumagalliMiguel Angel, Alvarez-FernandezKarla, Aguilar-PinedaJorge A, Nieto-MontesinosRita, Davila Del-CarpioGonzalo, Vera-LopezKarin J, Lino CardenasChristian L

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a brain disease that causes memory loss and other thinking problems. It affects millions of people, and the number is expected to grow significantly in the coming years. While AD is as widespread as many other diseases, it's not treated as a major public health crisis. Currently, there's no cure or effective treatment for AD.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

85.

Withdrawal or continuation of cholinesterase inhibitors or memantine or both, in people with dementia.

Author: ParsonsCarole, LimWei Yin, LoyClement, McGuinnessBernadette, PassmorePeter, WardStephanie A, HughesCarmel

Dementia treatment
Adverse effects

Dementia is a brain disorder that causes memory loss, thinking problems, and changes in behavior. Medications like donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine, and memantine are commonly used to help manage dementia symptoms and slow its progression. However, we need more research to understand the long-term effects of these medications, especially in severe dementia, and when to stop treatment.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.
Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.

Language : English

86.

Precision Medicine Approach to Alzheimer's Disease: Successful Pilot Project.

Author: ToupsKat, HathawayAnn, GordonDeborah, ChungHenrianna, RajiCyrus, BoydAlan, HillBenjamin D, Hausman-CohenSharon, AttarhaMouna, ChwaWon Jong, JarrettMichael, BredesenDale E

Treatment for Alzheimer's disease

This study highlights the need for a personalized approach to treating Alzheimer's disease. Current clinical trials often focus on a single treatment modality, which may not address the underlying causes of cognitive decline. The study advocates for a more comprehensive approach that considers individual factors contributing to cognitive decline.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

87.

Personalized Prediction of Alzheimer's Disease and Its Treatment Effects by Donepezil: An Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis of Eight Randomized Controlled Trials.

Author: YoshidaKazufumi, SeoMichael, LuoYan, SahkerEthan, CiprianiAndrea, LeuchtStefan, IwatsuboTakeshi, EfthimiouOrestis, FurukawaToshiaki A

Cognitive function improvement
Donepezil benefits
Antipsychotic drug risks
Lower donepezil efficacy

Donepezil was found to be efficacious for cognitive function for most patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), but use of antipsychotic drugs may be associated with lower efficacy.

Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
Meta-AnalysisA statistical technique that integrates the results of multiple studies to draw more general conclusions about a particular issue.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch funding provided by government agencies outside the United States.

Language : English

89.

The measured CSF/plasma donepezil concentration ratio but not individually measured CSF and plasma concentrations significantly increase over 24 h after donepezil treatment in patients with Alzheimer's disease.

Author: ValisMartin, DlabkovaAlzbeta, HortJakub, AngelucciFrancesco, PejchalJaroslav, KucaKamil, PavelekZbysek, KarasovaJana Zdarova, NovotnyMichal

Alzheimer's treatment
Dosage optimization

This study evaluated the optimal dose of donepezil in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The CSF/plasma donepezil concentration ratio significantly increased in the 24-hour group compared to earlier time points. This suggests that measuring this ratio could help determine the optimal donepezil dose for individual patients.

Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

90.

Rationale for a Multi-Factorial Approach for the Reversal of Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer's Disease and MCI: A Review.

Author: RaoRammohan V, SubramaniamKaavya G, GregoryJulie, BredesenAida L, CowardChristine, OkadaSho, KellyLance, BredesenDale E

AD prevention
AD progression slowdown

This review explores the potential of multi-therapeutic strategies, including lifestyle changes, diet, physical activity, and mental health interventions, to prevent, slow, or reverse Alzheimer's disease progression, highlighting the need for a personalized approach that addresses multiple risk factors simultaneously.

Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

93.

A Remotely Coached Multimodal Lifestyle Intervention for Alzheimer's Disease Ameliorates Functional and Cognitive Outcomes.

Author: RoachJared C, RapozoMolly K, HaraJunko, GlusmanGwênlyn, LovejoyJennifer, ShankleWilliam R, HoodLeroy,

AD prevention
AD treatment

Treating Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) requires not only medications but also addressing other health conditions, making lifestyle changes, and using therapies like cognitive training and exercise. Tailoring treatments to each individual is key to preventing and managing Alzheimer's disease.

Randomized Controlled TrialA clinical trial that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effects of an intervention.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.

Language : English

94.

Topical Cellular/Tissue and Molecular Aspects Regarding Nonpharmacological Interventions in Alzheimer's Disease-A Systematic Review.

Author: AurelianSorina, CiobanuAdela, CărareRoxana, StoicaSimona-Isabelle, AnghelescuAurelian, CiobanuVlad, OnoseGelu, MunteanuConstantin, PopescuCristina, AndoneIoana, SpînuAura, FiranCarmen, CazacuIoana Simona, TrandafirAndreea-Iulia, BăilăMihai, PostoiuRuxandra-Luciana, ZamfirescuAndreea

AD treatment

This systematic review examines nonpharmacological interventions for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and their cellular and molecular mechanisms of action. With the increasing prevalence of AD, there is a need for effective therapeutic and rehabilitative approaches, as well as preventive measures.

Systematic ReviewA review that systematically collects, evaluates, and integrates relevant research to answer a specific research question.
Journal ArticleAn article published in an academic or professional journal that reports original research or scholarly analysis.
ReviewAn article that critically examines existing research on a particular topic and summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field.

Language : English

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